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BIO 201 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE NEWEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
homeostasis
maintenance of a stable internal environment
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors?
1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
5) pressure
1) Water
-most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature
2) Food
-provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue
, 2
3) Oxygen (gas)
-one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients
cell
-composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body
tissue
layer or mass of cells with specific function
organ
system/ organ system
group of organs with common function
group of different tissues with a function
positive feedback loop
-homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+
blood clotting
negative feedback loop
-homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
, 3
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by
insulin
4) Heat
-heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
5) Pressure
-application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing
Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism.
1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector
1) receptor
detects and provides information about the stimuli
2) control center
decision- maker that maintains the set point
3) effector
muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes the necessary
change in the internal enviroment
Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs
integumentary
, 4
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive respiratory
reproductive
urinary
integumentary system
the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails
-protects deeper tissue from injury
-protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, and production of
vitamin D
skeletal system
bones and ligaments
-protects, supports, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause
movement
-attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, and
movement
muscular system
skeletal muscles and tendons
-allows movement and produce heat (main source)
- maintenance of posture
BIO 201 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE NEWEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT GUARANTEED SUCCESS
homeostasis
maintenance of a stable internal environment
metabolism
all of the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors?
1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
5) pressure
1) Water
-most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance
-regulation of body temperature
2) Food
-provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue
, 2
3) Oxygen (gas)
-one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients
cell
-composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body
tissue
layer or mass of cells with specific function
organ
system/ organ system
group of organs with common function
group of different tissues with a function
positive feedback loop
-homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+
blood clotting
negative feedback loop
-homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
, 3
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by
insulin
4) Heat
-heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions
5) Pressure
-application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing
Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism.
1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector
1) receptor
detects and provides information about the stimuli
2) control center
decision- maker that maintains the set point
3) effector
muscle or gland that responds to the control center and causes the necessary
change in the internal enviroment
Organ systems in the human body
-basic functions and major organs
integumentary
, 4
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive respiratory
reproductive
urinary
integumentary system
the skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails
-protects deeper tissue from injury
-protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, and production of
vitamin D
skeletal system
bones and ligaments
-protects, supports, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause
movement
-attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, and
movement
muscular system
skeletal muscles and tendons
-allows movement and produce heat (main source)
- maintenance of posture
