8/17/25, 10:08
AM
NURS 305- PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
2025/2026
Terms in this set (142)
Oral & parenteral
anticoagulants
Direct thrombin
inhibitors
Direct inhibitors of
What are the five groups factor Xa
of anticoagulants Antiplatelets
Thrombolytics
PTT 1.5 to 2 times control value (control 60 to 70
seconds)
aPTT 30 to 85 seconds (control 20 to 35 seconds)
-aPTT most commonly used
Anti - Xa
Lab values for Heparin Therapeutic Ranges =
(anticoagulant) 0.3-0.7 IU/mL
Prophylactic ranges =
0.1-0.4 IU/mL
1/32
,8/17/25, 10:08
AM
Heparin anti-xa used sometimes in people with
resistance
Anti-X monitoring better than aPTT- gives better control
with less use of heparin
antidote for heparin protamine sulfate
toxicity
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) - Enoxaparin
Two forms of heparin (subq)
Activated factor Xa inhibitor - Fondaparinux (subq)
Expected Prevent clotting by activating antithrombin →
pharmacological indirect inactivation of thrombin & factor Xa →
action of Heparin, inability of fibrin to form
Enoxaparin,
Fondaparinux
(Anticoagulants)
2/32
,8/17/25, 10:08
AM
When prompt anticoagulation activity is
needed; e.g. evolving CVA, pulmonary
Use of Heparin embolism, massive deep vein thrombosis
[DVT]
Adjunct for open heart surgery or dialysis (decrease
clotting)
prevent DVT in postop orthopedic
and abdominal surgeries Treat DVT
Use of Low molecular & PE
weight prevent complications of angina, non - Q wave MI, and
heparin(enoxaparin) ST elevation MI
Hemorrhage secondary to
heparin overdose
Heparin induced
thrombocytopenia
Complications of heparin Hypersensitivity
reaction
Toxicity/overdose
Hemorrhage
Neurological damage/hematoma development
spinal/epidural anesthesia Thrombocytopenia
complications of Toxicity/overdose
enoxaparin
Hemorrhage
Neurological damage/hematoma development
complications of spinal/epidural anesthesia Thrombocytopenia
3/32
, 8/17/25, 10:08
AM
fondaparinux
Contraindicated - thrombocytopenia,
uncontrollable bleeding during/following
contraindications/ surgical procedures of the eye(s), brain, or
precautions of heparin spinal cord
Cautious use with dissecting aneurysm, PUD,
severe HTN, hepatic or renal disease,
threatened abortion
interactions of heparin Antiplatelet agents ( ASA, NSAIDs)and other
drugs that may cause bleeding may increase
risk for bleeding
Baseline vitals, CBC, platelet county,
hematocrit, aPTT levels Administer
via an infusion pump
Monitor aPTT every 4 -6 hrs. until appropriate results
reached
For sub-q, deep sub-q in abdomen, 2 inches
from the abdomen, rotate sites, do not rub
Nursing considerations injection site
for heparin
Teach patient to monitor for bleeding
Teach to avoid OTC NSAIDs, ASA, or
medications containing salicylates Use
an electric razor and soft toothbrush
4/32
AM
NURS 305- PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
2025/2026
Terms in this set (142)
Oral & parenteral
anticoagulants
Direct thrombin
inhibitors
Direct inhibitors of
What are the five groups factor Xa
of anticoagulants Antiplatelets
Thrombolytics
PTT 1.5 to 2 times control value (control 60 to 70
seconds)
aPTT 30 to 85 seconds (control 20 to 35 seconds)
-aPTT most commonly used
Anti - Xa
Lab values for Heparin Therapeutic Ranges =
(anticoagulant) 0.3-0.7 IU/mL
Prophylactic ranges =
0.1-0.4 IU/mL
1/32
,8/17/25, 10:08
AM
Heparin anti-xa used sometimes in people with
resistance
Anti-X monitoring better than aPTT- gives better control
with less use of heparin
antidote for heparin protamine sulfate
toxicity
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) - Enoxaparin
Two forms of heparin (subq)
Activated factor Xa inhibitor - Fondaparinux (subq)
Expected Prevent clotting by activating antithrombin →
pharmacological indirect inactivation of thrombin & factor Xa →
action of Heparin, inability of fibrin to form
Enoxaparin,
Fondaparinux
(Anticoagulants)
2/32
,8/17/25, 10:08
AM
When prompt anticoagulation activity is
needed; e.g. evolving CVA, pulmonary
Use of Heparin embolism, massive deep vein thrombosis
[DVT]
Adjunct for open heart surgery or dialysis (decrease
clotting)
prevent DVT in postop orthopedic
and abdominal surgeries Treat DVT
Use of Low molecular & PE
weight prevent complications of angina, non - Q wave MI, and
heparin(enoxaparin) ST elevation MI
Hemorrhage secondary to
heparin overdose
Heparin induced
thrombocytopenia
Complications of heparin Hypersensitivity
reaction
Toxicity/overdose
Hemorrhage
Neurological damage/hematoma development
spinal/epidural anesthesia Thrombocytopenia
complications of Toxicity/overdose
enoxaparin
Hemorrhage
Neurological damage/hematoma development
complications of spinal/epidural anesthesia Thrombocytopenia
3/32
, 8/17/25, 10:08
AM
fondaparinux
Contraindicated - thrombocytopenia,
uncontrollable bleeding during/following
contraindications/ surgical procedures of the eye(s), brain, or
precautions of heparin spinal cord
Cautious use with dissecting aneurysm, PUD,
severe HTN, hepatic or renal disease,
threatened abortion
interactions of heparin Antiplatelet agents ( ASA, NSAIDs)and other
drugs that may cause bleeding may increase
risk for bleeding
Baseline vitals, CBC, platelet county,
hematocrit, aPTT levels Administer
via an infusion pump
Monitor aPTT every 4 -6 hrs. until appropriate results
reached
For sub-q, deep sub-q in abdomen, 2 inches
from the abdomen, rotate sites, do not rub
Nursing considerations injection site
for heparin
Teach patient to monitor for bleeding
Teach to avoid OTC NSAIDs, ASA, or
medications containing salicylates Use
an electric razor and soft toothbrush
4/32
