PJM Generation Certification Exam Study
Guide | Comprehensive Notes & Key Alerts
(Voltage, Capacity, Cold/Hot Weather,
Emergencies, LMP, Reserves, Restoration)
Actions in low voltage alert?
Review transmission & generation outages
Request reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning purpose is to have members prepare far max support of
voltages on the?
Bulk Power System
Manual load dump warning & reduction of Non-critical plant load issued when?
Primary reserve is less the the largest generating unit.
Loss of transmission facility jeopardize reliability after all possible measures have been taken to
increase reserves
Hot weather alert
COMED 90
DOM & EKPC 95
PJM issues high system voltage message
Gen operators should operate the lower end of their voltage bandwidth
Primary reserve warning
Ensure deffer able Maintenance is halted
General actions PJM takes when conservating ops initiated?
Purchase/load additional reserves
begin studying double contingencies
Lower IROL
Increase # of SOS calls
Purpose of heavy voltage schedule action is to increase reactive reserves
,EHV system
National terrorism advisory system 2 types of alerts?
Elevated threat
Imminent threat
Non-critical plant load
lighting, office area a/c
Purpose of capacity emergency warning?
keep members informed of actual capacity shortages or contingencies that may jeopardize
reliability during RT ops
keep all affected system personnel aware of the forecast and actual status of the PJM RTO
Heavy load voltage schedule action
Gen operators- maintain MVAR reserve on units connected to EHV
During cold weather action
Assume an unavailability rate for scheduled generation
During terrorism/sabotage emphasis on?
Operations & communications
For voltage support TOs can request?
Generators stay online
During Restoration what is removed from service until sufficient load restored to maintain
voltage
Shunt capacitors
Freq change=(load change/connected capacity)X Gov droop in percentage
LMP calculated day ahead market
Every hour
RT every 5mins
Penalty factor -
incremental loss for a bus used to include the effect of losses on the dispatch
, All call types
Operational, Emergency Messages, Informational
Voltage reduction Alert-
Est. operating reserve capacity is less than forecasted synchronized reserve equipment
Generation owners
Must handle environmental Alerts
Emergency requires action to?
Maintain freq prevent load loss, ensure safety and reliability
Alerts
Advance of operating day
Warning & actions
During that day
Emergency situation
Implement procedures within 30min
STE- Short term emergency rating
Low voltage alerts
Analyze reactive capabilities
Reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning
4 hrs prior
Heavy load voltage schedule action
500kv (UHV system) support- EHV
Place caps online
Reactors removed
AVR online
High system voltage
caps out/reactors in
Guide | Comprehensive Notes & Key Alerts
(Voltage, Capacity, Cold/Hot Weather,
Emergencies, LMP, Reserves, Restoration)
Actions in low voltage alert?
Review transmission & generation outages
Request reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning purpose is to have members prepare far max support of
voltages on the?
Bulk Power System
Manual load dump warning & reduction of Non-critical plant load issued when?
Primary reserve is less the the largest generating unit.
Loss of transmission facility jeopardize reliability after all possible measures have been taken to
increase reserves
Hot weather alert
COMED 90
DOM & EKPC 95
PJM issues high system voltage message
Gen operators should operate the lower end of their voltage bandwidth
Primary reserve warning
Ensure deffer able Maintenance is halted
General actions PJM takes when conservating ops initiated?
Purchase/load additional reserves
begin studying double contingencies
Lower IROL
Increase # of SOS calls
Purpose of heavy voltage schedule action is to increase reactive reserves
,EHV system
National terrorism advisory system 2 types of alerts?
Elevated threat
Imminent threat
Non-critical plant load
lighting, office area a/c
Purpose of capacity emergency warning?
keep members informed of actual capacity shortages or contingencies that may jeopardize
reliability during RT ops
keep all affected system personnel aware of the forecast and actual status of the PJM RTO
Heavy load voltage schedule action
Gen operators- maintain MVAR reserve on units connected to EHV
During cold weather action
Assume an unavailability rate for scheduled generation
During terrorism/sabotage emphasis on?
Operations & communications
For voltage support TOs can request?
Generators stay online
During Restoration what is removed from service until sufficient load restored to maintain
voltage
Shunt capacitors
Freq change=(load change/connected capacity)X Gov droop in percentage
LMP calculated day ahead market
Every hour
RT every 5mins
Penalty factor -
incremental loss for a bus used to include the effect of losses on the dispatch
, All call types
Operational, Emergency Messages, Informational
Voltage reduction Alert-
Est. operating reserve capacity is less than forecasted synchronized reserve equipment
Generation owners
Must handle environmental Alerts
Emergency requires action to?
Maintain freq prevent load loss, ensure safety and reliability
Alerts
Advance of operating day
Warning & actions
During that day
Emergency situation
Implement procedures within 30min
STE- Short term emergency rating
Low voltage alerts
Analyze reactive capabilities
Reactive reserve check
Heavy load voltage schedule warning
4 hrs prior
Heavy load voltage schedule action
500kv (UHV system) support- EHV
Place caps online
Reactors removed
AVR online
High system voltage
caps out/reactors in
