CHAPTER 1
Basic Statistical Concepts
INTRODUCTION:
This lesson focuses on the basic concepts of statistics including levels of
measurement. In measurement, you will be learning the rules in assigning
numbers or symbols to the levels of our variables. Learning the different levels of
measurement will help you decide which statistical tool is appropriate in analyzing
the data.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Define the basic concepts of statistics;
2. Give examples of the different levels of measurement;
3. Differentiate:
a. Descriptive vs. inferential statistics
b. Data vs. variable
c. Population vs. sample
d. Parameter vs. statistics
Basic Concepts in Statistics
The word statistics is derived from the Greek word statistiks (Mariappan,
2019). The early use of statistics can be traced from the administration of the state
regarding the population and property usually for war and finance purposes.
Statistics is defined as the science of collection, organization, presentation and
analysis of data. Thus, one can draw conclusion and make reasonable decision
based on the analysis of that data.
Areas of Statistics
There are two broad areas of statistics- the descriptive and inferential.
Descriptive statistics can be defined as a set of methods involving the
collection, presentation and summarization by means of numerical descriptions.
Inferential statistics, on the other hand, is a set of methods that allow
estimation or testing of the characteristics of the population based only from the
sample drawn from that population.
Examples of Descriptive Statistics
1. The weekly mean sales of TV sets in a certain stores.
2. Alcohol is the most frequent disinfectant against COVID – 19.
3. At least 5% discount is deducted on the online sale.
4. The rice importation was doubled last year compare to the rice importation
Basic Statistical Concepts
INTRODUCTION:
This lesson focuses on the basic concepts of statistics including levels of
measurement. In measurement, you will be learning the rules in assigning
numbers or symbols to the levels of our variables. Learning the different levels of
measurement will help you decide which statistical tool is appropriate in analyzing
the data.
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Define the basic concepts of statistics;
2. Give examples of the different levels of measurement;
3. Differentiate:
a. Descriptive vs. inferential statistics
b. Data vs. variable
c. Population vs. sample
d. Parameter vs. statistics
Basic Concepts in Statistics
The word statistics is derived from the Greek word statistiks (Mariappan,
2019). The early use of statistics can be traced from the administration of the state
regarding the population and property usually for war and finance purposes.
Statistics is defined as the science of collection, organization, presentation and
analysis of data. Thus, one can draw conclusion and make reasonable decision
based on the analysis of that data.
Areas of Statistics
There are two broad areas of statistics- the descriptive and inferential.
Descriptive statistics can be defined as a set of methods involving the
collection, presentation and summarization by means of numerical descriptions.
Inferential statistics, on the other hand, is a set of methods that allow
estimation or testing of the characteristics of the population based only from the
sample drawn from that population.
Examples of Descriptive Statistics
1. The weekly mean sales of TV sets in a certain stores.
2. Alcohol is the most frequent disinfectant against COVID – 19.
3. At least 5% discount is deducted on the online sale.
4. The rice importation was doubled last year compare to the rice importation
