Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Questions
and Answers Graded A
The study of the underlying changes in body Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. -
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ ANSWER -Ribosomes
systems) that result from disease or injury. -
ANSWER -Pathophysiology
Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of
protein and lipid components of most organelles.
The investigation of structural alterations in cells, A new role is sensing cellular stress. -
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the ANSWER -Endoplasmic Reticulum
cause of a particular disease. - ANSWER -
Pathology
Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away
The naming or identification of a disease - is from the complex and migrate to various
made from an evaluation of the evidence intracellular and extracellular destinations,
accumulated from the presenting signs and including plasma membrane. - ANSWER -
symptoms, health and medical history, physical Golgi apparatus
examination, laboratory tests, and imaging. -
ANSWER -Diagnosis
Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino
The study of the CAUSE of disease - acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars). -
ANSWER -Etiology ANSWER -Lysosomes
The study of tracking patterns or disease Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
occurrence and transmission among populations hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
and by geographic areas - ANSWER - - ANSWER -Peroxisomes
Epidemiology
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site
Controls and regulates the activities of the cell of ATP (energy) production - ANSWER -
(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the Mitochondria
genes, structures that contain the hereditary
information - ANSWER -Nucleus
Network of protein filaments within some cells
that helps the cell maintain its shape and is
An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical involved in many forms of cell movement -
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other ANSWER -Cytoskeleton
organelles can operate within the cell. All of the
functions for cell expansion, growth and
replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a The membrane at the boundary of every cell that
cell. - ANSWER -Cytoplasm acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the
cell's chemical composition. - ANSWER -
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, Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Questions
and Answers Graded A
Plasma Membrane
Directs the synthesis of all the body's proteins -
ANSWER -DNA
1. They display plasma membrane-bound
signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the
cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact 1. The five-carbon monosaccharide deoxyribose
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target
cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell 2. A phosphate molecule
to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) 3. Four types of nitrogenous bases -
that directly coordinate the activities of adjacent ANSWER -DNA Structure - 3 basic
cells - ANSWER -Signaling processes components:
Decrease in cell size - ANSWER -Adaptive Any alteration of genetic material -
cellular mechanism - Atrophy: ANSWER -Mutations
Increase in cell size - ANSWER -Adaptive The composition of genes at a given locus -
cellular mechanism - Hypertrophy: ANSWER -Genotype
Increase in cell number - ANSWER - The outward appearance of an individual, which
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Hyperplasia: is the result of both genotype and environment -
ANSWER -Phenotype
Reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, less mature cell type or a change in Different forms of a gene - ANSWER -
cell phenotype - ANSWER -Adaptive Alleles
cellular mechanism - Metaplasia:
DNA segments that serve as the key functional
Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a units in hereditary transmission. -
true cellular adaptation but rather atypical ANSWER -Genes
hyperplasia - ANSWER -Adaptive cellular
mechanism - Dysplasia:
When the alleles are not identical -
ANSWER -Heterozygous
Dominant: The allele whose effects are
observable
having two identical alleles for a trait -
Recessive: The allele whose effects are hidden -
ANSWER -Homozygous
ANSWER -Dominant and recessive
2/8
and Answers Graded A
The study of the underlying changes in body Provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. -
physiology (molecular, cellular, and organ ANSWER -Ribosomes
systems) that result from disease or injury. -
ANSWER -Pathophysiology
Specializes in synthesis, folding, and transport of
protein and lipid components of most organelles.
The investigation of structural alterations in cells, A new role is sensing cellular stress. -
tissues, and organs, which can help identify the ANSWER -Endoplasmic Reticulum
cause of a particular disease. - ANSWER -
Pathology
Responsible for processing and packaging
proteins onto secretory vesicles that break away
The naming or identification of a disease - is from the complex and migrate to various
made from an evaluation of the evidence intracellular and extracellular destinations,
accumulated from the presenting signs and including plasma membrane. - ANSWER -
symptoms, health and medical history, physical Golgi apparatus
examination, laboratory tests, and imaging. -
ANSWER -Diagnosis
Contain enzymes for digesting most cellular
substances to their basic form, such as amino
The study of the CAUSE of disease - acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates (sugars). -
ANSWER -Etiology ANSWER -Lysosomes
The study of tracking patterns or disease Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol,
occurrence and transmission among populations hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals
and by geographic areas - ANSWER - - ANSWER -Peroxisomes
Epidemiology
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site
Controls and regulates the activities of the cell of ATP (energy) production - ANSWER -
(e.g., growth and metabolism) and carries the Mitochondria
genes, structures that contain the hereditary
information - ANSWER -Nucleus
Network of protein filaments within some cells
that helps the cell maintain its shape and is
An aqueous solution. The medium for chemical involved in many forms of cell movement -
reaction. It provides a platform upon which other ANSWER -Cytoskeleton
organelles can operate within the cell. All of the
functions for cell expansion, growth and
replication are carried out in the cytoplasm of a The membrane at the boundary of every cell that
cell. - ANSWER -Cytoplasm acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the
cell's chemical composition. - ANSWER -
1/8
, Nightingale College Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Questions
and Answers Graded A
Plasma Membrane
Directs the synthesis of all the body's proteins -
ANSWER -DNA
1. They display plasma membrane-bound
signaling molecules (receptors) that affect the
cell itself and other cells in direct physical contact 1. The five-carbon monosaccharide deoxyribose
2. They affect receptor proteins inside the target
cell and the signal molecule has to enter the cell 2. A phosphate molecule
to bind to them
3. They form protein channels (gap junctions) 3. Four types of nitrogenous bases -
that directly coordinate the activities of adjacent ANSWER -DNA Structure - 3 basic
cells - ANSWER -Signaling processes components:
Decrease in cell size - ANSWER -Adaptive Any alteration of genetic material -
cellular mechanism - Atrophy: ANSWER -Mutations
Increase in cell size - ANSWER -Adaptive The composition of genes at a given locus -
cellular mechanism - Hypertrophy: ANSWER -Genotype
Increase in cell number - ANSWER - The outward appearance of an individual, which
Adaptive cellular mechanism - Hyperplasia: is the result of both genotype and environment -
ANSWER -Phenotype
Reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, less mature cell type or a change in Different forms of a gene - ANSWER -
cell phenotype - ANSWER -Adaptive Alleles
cellular mechanism - Metaplasia:
DNA segments that serve as the key functional
Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a units in hereditary transmission. -
true cellular adaptation but rather atypical ANSWER -Genes
hyperplasia - ANSWER -Adaptive cellular
mechanism - Dysplasia:
When the alleles are not identical -
ANSWER -Heterozygous
Dominant: The allele whose effects are
observable
having two identical alleles for a trait -
Recessive: The allele whose effects are hidden -
ANSWER -Homozygous
ANSWER -Dominant and recessive
2/8
