NUSCTX 10, Midterm 1 - UC Berkeley Exam Ques ons
and answers NEWEST 2025/2026
Anabolism - Correct Answers Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism - Correct Answers Breaks down organic ma er, for example, to harvest energy.
Nutrient Density - Correct Answers A measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its
energy content.
Trace Minerals - Correct Answers Needed only in %ny amounts.
These minerals par%cipate in most chemical reac%ons in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementa%on - Correct Answers The act of consuming a variety of plant products
to provide all the necessary protein components.
Essen%al Fa y Acids - Correct Answers Omega-3 and Omega-6 fa y acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
, Metabolism - Correct Answers The set of life-sustaining chemical transforma%ons within the
cells of living organisms.
Mitochondrial Matrix - Correct Answers The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by
the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
Respira%on - Correct Answers Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton) gradient.
Falsifiability - Correct Answers Capable of being tested by experiment or observa%on.
Endoplasmic Re%culum - Correct Answers A system of membranes that is found in a cell's
cytoplasm and that assists in the produc%on, processing, and transport of proteins and in the
produc%on of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
Lysosome - Correct Answers A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break
down large food par%cles into smaller ones.
Enzyme - Correct Answers Biological catalysts that work by lowering the ac%va%on energy for
a reac%on, thus drama%cally increasing the rate of the reac%on.
Oxida%on - Correct Answers A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen,
as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
Entropy - Correct Answers A quan%ta%ve measure of disorder or randomness.
,Breaking down.
Villi - Correct Answers Fingerlike extensions of the intes%nal mucosa that increase the surface
area for absorp%on.
Calor - Correct Answers Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry - Correct Answers Direct and indirect are used to measure quan%%es of heat.
Gross Energy - Correct Answers The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy - Correct Answers Diges%ble energy minus fecal and urinary energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate - Correct Answers Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean %ssue, fas%ng, starva%on, malnutri%on,
fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding - Correct Answers An experimental method in which food intake or energy
(calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal groups and to exclude effects in the
animals by differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover - Correct Answers The movement of something into, through and out of a place, the
rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
, Thyroxine - Correct Answers The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland, ac%ng to
increase metabolic rate and so regula%ng growth and development. Affects BMR.
Adap%ve Thermogenesis - Correct Answers Heat produc%on, shivering, excess heat from
overea%ng, adap%on to trauma, stress, very different for different people, not usually included
in energy calcula%ons.
W^(3/4) - Correct Answers Metabolic rate is propor%onal to weight (kg) to the 3/4 power
Lumen - Correct Answers A cavity or passage in a tubular organ.
Cephalic - Correct Answers Pertaining to the head.
Autonomic - Correct Answers A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
Controls involuntary ac%vity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
Sensory Cells - Correct Answers Specialized cells that react to external s%muli.
Enteric Neuron - Correct Answers The enteric nervous system or intrinsic nervous system is
one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and consists of a mesh-like system
of neurons that governs the func%on of the gastrointes%nal system.
Ac%ve Transport - Correct Answers The movements of ions and molecules across a cell
membrane into a region of higher concentra%on, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
and answers NEWEST 2025/2026
Anabolism - Correct Answers Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism - Correct Answers Breaks down organic ma er, for example, to harvest energy.
Nutrient Density - Correct Answers A measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its
energy content.
Trace Minerals - Correct Answers Needed only in %ny amounts.
These minerals par%cipate in most chemical reac%ons in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementa%on - Correct Answers The act of consuming a variety of plant products
to provide all the necessary protein components.
Essen%al Fa y Acids - Correct Answers Omega-3 and Omega-6 fa y acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
, Metabolism - Correct Answers The set of life-sustaining chemical transforma%ons within the
cells of living organisms.
Mitochondrial Matrix - Correct Answers The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by
the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
Respira%on - Correct Answers Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton) gradient.
Falsifiability - Correct Answers Capable of being tested by experiment or observa%on.
Endoplasmic Re%culum - Correct Answers A system of membranes that is found in a cell's
cytoplasm and that assists in the produc%on, processing, and transport of proteins and in the
produc%on of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
Lysosome - Correct Answers A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break
down large food par%cles into smaller ones.
Enzyme - Correct Answers Biological catalysts that work by lowering the ac%va%on energy for
a reac%on, thus drama%cally increasing the rate of the reac%on.
Oxida%on - Correct Answers A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen,
as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
Entropy - Correct Answers A quan%ta%ve measure of disorder or randomness.
,Breaking down.
Villi - Correct Answers Fingerlike extensions of the intes%nal mucosa that increase the surface
area for absorp%on.
Calor - Correct Answers Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry - Correct Answers Direct and indirect are used to measure quan%%es of heat.
Gross Energy - Correct Answers The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy - Correct Answers Diges%ble energy minus fecal and urinary energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate - Correct Answers Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean %ssue, fas%ng, starva%on, malnutri%on,
fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding - Correct Answers An experimental method in which food intake or energy
(calorie) intake are limited to become same between animal groups and to exclude effects in the
animals by differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover - Correct Answers The movement of something into, through and out of a place, the
rate at which a thing is depleted and replaced.
, Thyroxine - Correct Answers The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland, ac%ng to
increase metabolic rate and so regula%ng growth and development. Affects BMR.
Adap%ve Thermogenesis - Correct Answers Heat produc%on, shivering, excess heat from
overea%ng, adap%on to trauma, stress, very different for different people, not usually included
in energy calcula%ons.
W^(3/4) - Correct Answers Metabolic rate is propor%onal to weight (kg) to the 3/4 power
Lumen - Correct Answers A cavity or passage in a tubular organ.
Cephalic - Correct Answers Pertaining to the head.
Autonomic - Correct Answers A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system.
Controls involuntary ac%vity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
Sensory Cells - Correct Answers Specialized cells that react to external s%muli.
Enteric Neuron - Correct Answers The enteric nervous system or intrinsic nervous system is
one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and consists of a mesh-like system
of neurons that governs the func%on of the gastrointes%nal system.
Ac%ve Transport - Correct Answers The movements of ions and molecules across a cell
membrane into a region of higher concentra%on, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
