NUR 170 EXAM 3 CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 2025
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What is thermoregulation? -
Answer-body temperature
body process that balances production and heat loss
heat produced - heat loss = body temperature
What is the goal of thermoregulation? -
Answer-to maintain the body's temperature within acceptable/safe range
the body wants to maintain homeostasis
body knows where it wants to live (temp. wise), doing what it can to get back to
homeostasis
to prevent death
too cold or too hot, death can occur
What is homeostasis? -
Answer-Maintaining a stable internal environment
What is cellular respiration? -
Answer-glucose and oxygen make energy, with the by product of heat
anything that we do to speed up this process, create more heat
expend more energy, expend heat
In regards to body temperature, what happens to a body after a person dies? -
Answer-body temp drops because no energy is being created meaning no heat
What factors affect heat production? -
Answer-basal metabolic rate, muscle activity, thyroxine output, sympathetic
stimulation/stress response, fever
What is basal metabolic rate? -
Answer-the rate of energy utilization the body uses to maintain essential activities
decreases with age: metabolism is slowing down
making older people colder
,What does muscle activity (exercise) do to body temperature? -
Answer-when you exercise, you get hot
exercise increases the need for energy (ATP), thus produces byproduct of more heat
shivering when cold, produces energy, producing more heat
What does thyroxine output do to body temperature? -
Answer-increased thyroxine levels release epinephrine, when it is released, it increases
vasoconstriction, we accelerated the cellular metabolic rate, increasing the heat
production
What is chemical thermogenesis? -
Answer-the stimulation of heat production in the body through increased cellular
metabolism
What is sympathetic stimulation/stress response do to body temperature? -
Answer-fight or flight response
walking into exams, anxious or see a question that sends you into fight or flight, you get
a rush of heat through body
release of epinephrine and noro-epinephrine, which will increase metabolism, creating
more heat
What does a fever do to body temperature? -
Answer-an immune response that raises the body temperature
not will it raise body temperature, but increase our metabolic needs/rate, increasing
energy and thus our by product, heat
Wha are different types of heat loss from the body? -
Answer-radiation, conduction, convection, vaporization
What is radiation? -
Answer-the transfer of heat from the surface of an object without touching
getting hot from the sun's rays (not touching)
dog doesn't touch, waking up sweating because the dog radiates so much heat
What is conduction? -
Answer-transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temperature, needing
to be touching
tepid (cool) bath
-taking someone with a fever, putting them in a cool bath
ice packs
,cool washcloths
heating pad
What is convection? -
Answer-dispersion of heat by the fluid of air or water across the skin
convection oven has a fan in the back, heat is being dispersed through the fan
heat loss: fan
spritzing water
when dog is radiate heat, turn on fan to bring my body temperature down
fluid motion of air comes down and blows it away
amusement park with mist showers
What is vaporization? -
Answer-continuous evaporation of moisture form repository tract, mucosa of mouth or
skin (swat glands)
perspiration when we work out
millions of sweat glands that produce perspiration (sweating), and when the body needs
to lose heat (cool) the sweat glands will sweat and then it will evaporate
when you sweat, body is trying to drop body temperature
How is the heat of the body measured? -
Answer-celcius and fahrenheit
F = (C x 9/5) + 32
C= 5/9 (F - 32)
What controls body temeprature? -
Answer-the hypothalamus, which acts as a thermostat, decides what your set point is
What is normal body temperature? -
Answer-average is 98.6 F = 37 C
What does the hypothalamus to in regards to body temperature? -
Answer-will elicit a response from the body (produce or lose heat)
goal is to keep body within normal range
, What does the body do when its cold? -
Answer-thermal receptors sends signals to the hypothalamus that they are cold, and the
hypothalamus will then vaso-constrict (BV get smaller), which will prevent further heat
loss from skin through radiation
body starts to shiver -> increasing cellular respiration -> increasing muscle movement ->
increasing energy, creating heat
What does the body do when its hot? -
Answer-thermal receptors send signals to the hypothalamus they they are hot, the
hypothalamus will vaso-dilate (BV open up), allowing an increase in heat loss, through
the skin (sweating), through radiation
body starts to sweat - > increase of heat loss through vaporization
You are outside on a cold winter day. Cold sensors are stimulated, initiating a
response from the hypothalamus to produce heat. What does it do? -
Answer-vaso-constrict
You are taking an outdoor brisk walk on a hot day. Your warm skin sensors
are stimulated, signaling to the hypothalamus to increase heat loss? What
happens? -
Answer-vaso-dilate
What are the core temperature sites? -
Answer-within deep tissue and organs
remains relatively constant
ideal temperature reading
rectum, tympanic membrane (ear), temporal (temple), urinary bladder
more of inside body
What is skin (surface) temperature sites? -
Answer-fluctuate depending on environment and blood to the area
skin (patches), oral, axillae (arm pit)
oral can change with drinking
more on the outside or skin site
What is normothermia and its ranges? -
Answer-normal temperature
range: 36-38 degrees C or 96.8-100.4 degrees F
update| (complete solutions Test)comprehensive questions and
verified answers guaranteed success|(100% ACCURATE) GET IT
RIGHT!! GRADE A+!!
What is thermoregulation? -
Answer-body temperature
body process that balances production and heat loss
heat produced - heat loss = body temperature
What is the goal of thermoregulation? -
Answer-to maintain the body's temperature within acceptable/safe range
the body wants to maintain homeostasis
body knows where it wants to live (temp. wise), doing what it can to get back to
homeostasis
to prevent death
too cold or too hot, death can occur
What is homeostasis? -
Answer-Maintaining a stable internal environment
What is cellular respiration? -
Answer-glucose and oxygen make energy, with the by product of heat
anything that we do to speed up this process, create more heat
expend more energy, expend heat
In regards to body temperature, what happens to a body after a person dies? -
Answer-body temp drops because no energy is being created meaning no heat
What factors affect heat production? -
Answer-basal metabolic rate, muscle activity, thyroxine output, sympathetic
stimulation/stress response, fever
What is basal metabolic rate? -
Answer-the rate of energy utilization the body uses to maintain essential activities
decreases with age: metabolism is slowing down
making older people colder
,What does muscle activity (exercise) do to body temperature? -
Answer-when you exercise, you get hot
exercise increases the need for energy (ATP), thus produces byproduct of more heat
shivering when cold, produces energy, producing more heat
What does thyroxine output do to body temperature? -
Answer-increased thyroxine levels release epinephrine, when it is released, it increases
vasoconstriction, we accelerated the cellular metabolic rate, increasing the heat
production
What is chemical thermogenesis? -
Answer-the stimulation of heat production in the body through increased cellular
metabolism
What is sympathetic stimulation/stress response do to body temperature? -
Answer-fight or flight response
walking into exams, anxious or see a question that sends you into fight or flight, you get
a rush of heat through body
release of epinephrine and noro-epinephrine, which will increase metabolism, creating
more heat
What does a fever do to body temperature? -
Answer-an immune response that raises the body temperature
not will it raise body temperature, but increase our metabolic needs/rate, increasing
energy and thus our by product, heat
Wha are different types of heat loss from the body? -
Answer-radiation, conduction, convection, vaporization
What is radiation? -
Answer-the transfer of heat from the surface of an object without touching
getting hot from the sun's rays (not touching)
dog doesn't touch, waking up sweating because the dog radiates so much heat
What is conduction? -
Answer-transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temperature, needing
to be touching
tepid (cool) bath
-taking someone with a fever, putting them in a cool bath
ice packs
,cool washcloths
heating pad
What is convection? -
Answer-dispersion of heat by the fluid of air or water across the skin
convection oven has a fan in the back, heat is being dispersed through the fan
heat loss: fan
spritzing water
when dog is radiate heat, turn on fan to bring my body temperature down
fluid motion of air comes down and blows it away
amusement park with mist showers
What is vaporization? -
Answer-continuous evaporation of moisture form repository tract, mucosa of mouth or
skin (swat glands)
perspiration when we work out
millions of sweat glands that produce perspiration (sweating), and when the body needs
to lose heat (cool) the sweat glands will sweat and then it will evaporate
when you sweat, body is trying to drop body temperature
How is the heat of the body measured? -
Answer-celcius and fahrenheit
F = (C x 9/5) + 32
C= 5/9 (F - 32)
What controls body temeprature? -
Answer-the hypothalamus, which acts as a thermostat, decides what your set point is
What is normal body temperature? -
Answer-average is 98.6 F = 37 C
What does the hypothalamus to in regards to body temperature? -
Answer-will elicit a response from the body (produce or lose heat)
goal is to keep body within normal range
, What does the body do when its cold? -
Answer-thermal receptors sends signals to the hypothalamus that they are cold, and the
hypothalamus will then vaso-constrict (BV get smaller), which will prevent further heat
loss from skin through radiation
body starts to shiver -> increasing cellular respiration -> increasing muscle movement ->
increasing energy, creating heat
What does the body do when its hot? -
Answer-thermal receptors send signals to the hypothalamus they they are hot, the
hypothalamus will vaso-dilate (BV open up), allowing an increase in heat loss, through
the skin (sweating), through radiation
body starts to sweat - > increase of heat loss through vaporization
You are outside on a cold winter day. Cold sensors are stimulated, initiating a
response from the hypothalamus to produce heat. What does it do? -
Answer-vaso-constrict
You are taking an outdoor brisk walk on a hot day. Your warm skin sensors
are stimulated, signaling to the hypothalamus to increase heat loss? What
happens? -
Answer-vaso-dilate
What are the core temperature sites? -
Answer-within deep tissue and organs
remains relatively constant
ideal temperature reading
rectum, tympanic membrane (ear), temporal (temple), urinary bladder
more of inside body
What is skin (surface) temperature sites? -
Answer-fluctuate depending on environment and blood to the area
skin (patches), oral, axillae (arm pit)
oral can change with drinking
more on the outside or skin site
What is normothermia and its ranges? -
Answer-normal temperature
range: 36-38 degrees C or 96.8-100.4 degrees F
