Children and Their Development, 8e
TEST BANK FOR br br
Children and their Development, 8th edition Robert V. Kail
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Chapter 1-15 br
Chapter 1 The Science of Child Development
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS br br
1. Which philosopher believed that children are born with innate knowledge?
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a. Plato
b. Aristotle
c. John Locke
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d. Jean-
Jacques Rousseau Answer
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:a
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Rationale: In Plato’s view, children’s experiences simply trigger knowledge they’ve had since
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birth.
Topic: Setting the Stage
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1
, Children and Their Development, 8e
Difficulty: Moderate Skil br b r
l: Remember the Facts
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Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
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2. The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that
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.
a. experience molds each person into a unique individual br br br br br br br
b. children should be left alone so that their good natures can unfold
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c. heredity plays a major role in an individual’s development
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d. infants cannot think, because their minds are blank
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Answer: a br
Rationale: John Locke’s idea of a tabula rasa argues poetically that infants are blank slates on
br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br
which experience writes.
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Topic: Setting the Stage Di
br br br br
fficulty: Moderate br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
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3. Which two philosophers both believed that children were born as blank slates, with k
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nowledge acquired through experiences?
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a. Plato and Aristotle
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b. Aristotle and Rousseau br br
c. Locke and Rousseau br br
d. Aristotle and Locke br br
Answer: d br
2
Copyright © 2025, 2015, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Children and Their Development, 8e
Rationale: Both Aristotle and John Locke, presenting their ideas centuries apart, thought that hu
br br br br br br br br br br br br br
mans lacked innate knowledge.
br br br
Topic: Setting the Stage Di
br br br br
fficulty: Difficult br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
4. The French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau proposed that
br br br br br br br br .
a. the human infant is born a tabula rasa
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b. infants were born with an innate sense of justice and morality
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c. experience molds each human into a unique individual br br br br br br br
d. parents should teach their children rationality and self-control
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Answer: b br
Rationale: Rousseau thought that humans were born with an innate goodness. T
br br br br br br br br br br br
opic: Setting the Stage
br br br
Difficulty: Easy br
Skill: Remember the Facts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
5. Which list places thinkers who had a substantial impact on child development in the C
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ORRECT chronological order? br br
a. Aristotle, Locke, Darwin br br
b. Locke, Plato, Rousseau br br
c. Rousseau, Darwin, Plato br br
d. Darwin, Locke, Rousseau br br
3
Copyright © 2025, 2015, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Children and Their Development, 8e
Answer: a br
Rationale: Aristotle lived from 384 BCE to 322 BCE, John Locke lived from 1632 to 1704, an
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d Charles Darwin was alive during the 1800s.
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Topic: Setting the Stage Di br br br br
fficulty: Moderate br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
6. Charles Darwin and other early evolutionary thinkers compiled
br br br br br br br br
, which were detailed observations of the behaviors of an individual infant, in the hope that they might bette
br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br
r understand the overall evolution of the human species.
br br br br br br br br
a. domains of development br br
b. baby biographies br
c. Gesell scales br
d. norm-referenced tests br
Answer: b br
Rationale: Baby biographies are detailed, systematic observations of individual children. The obs
br br br br br br br br br br br
ervations in the biographies were often subjective and the conclusions were sometimes reached
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on the basis of minimal evidence.
br br br br br
Topic: Setting the Stage Di br br br br
fficulty: Easy br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
7. based his ideas about child development on evolutionary theory and br br br br br br br br br br
was interested in age-trends in children’s beliefs and feelings.
br br br br br br br br
a. John Locke br
b. Jean Jacques Rousseau br br
c. G. Stanley Hall br br
d. Alfred Binet br
4
Copyright © 2025, 2015, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
TEST BANK FOR br br
Children and their Development, 8th edition Robert V. Kail
br br br br br br br br
Chapter 1-15 br
Chapter 1 The Science of Child Development
br br br br br br
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS br br
1. Which philosopher believed that children are born with innate knowledge?
br br br br br br br br br
a. Plato
b. Aristotle
c. John Locke
br
d. Jean-
Jacques Rousseau Answer
br br
:a
br
Rationale: In Plato’s view, children’s experiences simply trigger knowledge they’ve had since
br br br br br br br br br br br br
birth.
Topic: Setting the Stage
br br br
1
, Children and Their Development, 8e
Difficulty: Moderate Skil br b r
l: Remember the Facts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
2. The idea that the mind of the human infant is a tabula rasa at birth reflects the belief that
br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br
.
a. experience molds each person into a unique individual br br br br br br br
b. children should be left alone so that their good natures can unfold
br br br br br br br br br br br
c. heredity plays a major role in an individual’s development
br br br br br br br br
d. infants cannot think, because their minds are blank
br br br br br br br
Answer: a br
Rationale: John Locke’s idea of a tabula rasa argues poetically that infants are blank slates on
br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br
which experience writes.
br br
Topic: Setting the Stage Di
br br br br
fficulty: Moderate br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
3. Which two philosophers both believed that children were born as blank slates, with k
br br br br br br br br br br br br br
nowledge acquired through experiences?
br br br
a. Plato and Aristotle
br br
b. Aristotle and Rousseau br br
c. Locke and Rousseau br br
d. Aristotle and Locke br br
Answer: d br
2
Copyright © 2025, 2015, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Children and Their Development, 8e
Rationale: Both Aristotle and John Locke, presenting their ideas centuries apart, thought that hu
br br br br br br br br br br br br br
mans lacked innate knowledge.
br br br
Topic: Setting the Stage Di
br br br br
fficulty: Difficult br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
4. The French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau proposed that
br br br br br br br br .
a. the human infant is born a tabula rasa
br br br br br br br
b. infants were born with an innate sense of justice and morality
br br br br br br br br br br
c. experience molds each human into a unique individual br br br br br br br
d. parents should teach their children rationality and self-control
br br br br br br br
Answer: b br
Rationale: Rousseau thought that humans were born with an innate goodness. T
br br br br br br br br br br br
opic: Setting the Stage
br br br
Difficulty: Easy br
Skill: Remember the Facts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
5. Which list places thinkers who had a substantial impact on child development in the C
br br br br br br br br br br br br br br
ORRECT chronological order? br br
a. Aristotle, Locke, Darwin br br
b. Locke, Plato, Rousseau br br
c. Rousseau, Darwin, Plato br br
d. Darwin, Locke, Rousseau br br
3
Copyright © 2025, 2015, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Children and Their Development, 8e
Answer: a br
Rationale: Aristotle lived from 384 BCE to 322 BCE, John Locke lived from 1632 to 1704, an
br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br
d Charles Darwin was alive during the 1800s.
br br br br br br br
Topic: Setting the Stage Di br br br br
fficulty: Moderate br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
6. Charles Darwin and other early evolutionary thinkers compiled
br br br br br br br br
, which were detailed observations of the behaviors of an individual infant, in the hope that they might bette
br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br br
r understand the overall evolution of the human species.
br br br br br br br br
a. domains of development br br
b. baby biographies br
c. Gesell scales br
d. norm-referenced tests br
Answer: b br
Rationale: Baby biographies are detailed, systematic observations of individual children. The obs
br br br br br br br br br br br
ervations in the biographies were often subjective and the conclusions were sometimes reached
br br br br br br br br br br br br br
on the basis of minimal evidence.
br br br br br
Topic: Setting the Stage Di br br br br
fficulty: Easy br
Skill: Understand the Concepts
br br br
Learning Objective: Explain how conceptions of childhood and research on child developmen
br br br br br br br br br br br
t have evolved from antiquity to today.
br br br br br br
7. based his ideas about child development on evolutionary theory and br br br br br br br br br br
was interested in age-trends in children’s beliefs and feelings.
br br br br br br br br
a. John Locke br
b. Jean Jacques Rousseau br br
c. G. Stanley Hall br br
d. Alfred Binet br
4
Copyright © 2025, 2015, 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
