AP Human Geography – Unit 1 Study
Guide
Topic: Population & Migration
Prepared for AP Exam Prep
By: [Your Name / Seller Tag]
Key Terms & Definitions
Population Density: The number of people living per unit of land area (arithmetic,
physiological, agricultural).
Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size an environment can sustain without
degrading resources.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM): A model showing changes in population growth and
birth/death rates through stages of development.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR): The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year.
Crude Death Rate (CDR): The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year.
Natural Increase Rate (NIR): The percentage by which a population grows in a year (CBR -
CDR).
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The average number of children a woman is expected to have in
her lifetime.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000
live births.
Life Expectancy: The average number of years a newborn is expected to live under current
mortality conditions.
Migration: The permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one place to
another.
Push Factor: A negative condition that drives people to leave their home region (e.g., war,
famine).
Pull Factor: A positive condition that attracts people to a new location (e.g., jobs, safety).
Refugee: A person forced to leave their home country due to persecution, conflict, or
disaster.
Guide
Topic: Population & Migration
Prepared for AP Exam Prep
By: [Your Name / Seller Tag]
Key Terms & Definitions
Population Density: The number of people living per unit of land area (arithmetic,
physiological, agricultural).
Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size an environment can sustain without
degrading resources.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM): A model showing changes in population growth and
birth/death rates through stages of development.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR): The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year.
Crude Death Rate (CDR): The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a given year.
Natural Increase Rate (NIR): The percentage by which a population grows in a year (CBR -
CDR).
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The average number of children a woman is expected to have in
her lifetime.
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000
live births.
Life Expectancy: The average number of years a newborn is expected to live under current
mortality conditions.
Migration: The permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one place to
another.
Push Factor: A negative condition that drives people to leave their home region (e.g., war,
famine).
Pull Factor: A positive condition that attracts people to a new location (e.g., jobs, safety).
Refugee: A person forced to leave their home country due to persecution, conflict, or
disaster.
