VM 580 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
What is total body water (TBW)?
Approximately 60% of an animal's body weight
What factors can affect total body water?
Species, age, sex, level of exertion, and body condition
How does total body water differ in neonates?
Neonates have a higher concentration of TBW
How does total body water differ in geriatric horses/obese animals?
Geriatric horses/obese animals may have a TBW of ~50%
What are the compartments of fluid composition?
Intracellular (IC) and extracellular (EC)
What are the electrolyte concentrations in intracellular fluid?
Higher concentration of potassium, low concentration of sodium and chloride
What are the electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluid?
High in sodium and chloride, low in potassium
What are the components of extracellular fluid?
Plasma (~5%), interstitial fluid (~15%), lymph (~2%), and transcellular spaces (~1-3%)
What is the approximate circulating blood volume?
Roughly 5-8% of body weight
What is fluid balance?
Fluid intake equals fluid output
, What are insensible losses?
Routes of fluid loss that are difficult to measure, such as sweat and respiration
What are sensible losses?
Fluid losses that are easily quantified, such as urine and gastric reflux
What are some causes of fluid deficits or losses due to decreased intake?
Fasting or lack of water intake, NPO
decreased electrolytes
What are some causes of fluid deficits or losses due to increased output?
Urinary losses, sweat, diarrhea, and third space compartmentalization
disease -- renal failure, diabetes, infectious disease, Cushings
What are some conditions that can lead to increased insensible losses?
Hyperthermia, renal failure, diabetes, infectious diseases (lepto), and hyperadrenocorticism
What electrolytes can be lost through sweating?
Sweating can contain a large concentration of electrolytes depending on the species; can result in
ISOTONIC loss
What are some effects of fluid loss from the digestive system?
Vomiting can lead to loss of water, H+, Cl-, Na+, K+, and HCO3-. Diarrhea can cause
dehydration, acid-base imbalances, and shock
hypertonic loss
Loss of WATER in the system, leaving the body hyperosmolar (Addison's, loop diuretics)
hypotonic loss
Loss of ELECTROLYTES in the system, leaving the blood hypos molar (renal failure,
respiratory loss, burns)
What is third space fluid loss?
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
What is total body water (TBW)?
Approximately 60% of an animal's body weight
What factors can affect total body water?
Species, age, sex, level of exertion, and body condition
How does total body water differ in neonates?
Neonates have a higher concentration of TBW
How does total body water differ in geriatric horses/obese animals?
Geriatric horses/obese animals may have a TBW of ~50%
What are the compartments of fluid composition?
Intracellular (IC) and extracellular (EC)
What are the electrolyte concentrations in intracellular fluid?
Higher concentration of potassium, low concentration of sodium and chloride
What are the electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluid?
High in sodium and chloride, low in potassium
What are the components of extracellular fluid?
Plasma (~5%), interstitial fluid (~15%), lymph (~2%), and transcellular spaces (~1-3%)
What is the approximate circulating blood volume?
Roughly 5-8% of body weight
What is fluid balance?
Fluid intake equals fluid output
, What are insensible losses?
Routes of fluid loss that are difficult to measure, such as sweat and respiration
What are sensible losses?
Fluid losses that are easily quantified, such as urine and gastric reflux
What are some causes of fluid deficits or losses due to decreased intake?
Fasting or lack of water intake, NPO
decreased electrolytes
What are some causes of fluid deficits or losses due to increased output?
Urinary losses, sweat, diarrhea, and third space compartmentalization
disease -- renal failure, diabetes, infectious disease, Cushings
What are some conditions that can lead to increased insensible losses?
Hyperthermia, renal failure, diabetes, infectious diseases (lepto), and hyperadrenocorticism
What electrolytes can be lost through sweating?
Sweating can contain a large concentration of electrolytes depending on the species; can result in
ISOTONIC loss
What are some effects of fluid loss from the digestive system?
Vomiting can lead to loss of water, H+, Cl-, Na+, K+, and HCO3-. Diarrhea can cause
dehydration, acid-base imbalances, and shock
hypertonic loss
Loss of WATER in the system, leaving the body hyperosmolar (Addison's, loop diuretics)
hypotonic loss
Loss of ELECTROLYTES in the system, leaving the blood hypos molar (renal failure,
respiratory loss, burns)
What is third space fluid loss?
