VM 580 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORECT ANSWERS!!
What is a hernia composed of?
Ring (anatomic border of the abdominal wall defect) and sometimes a sac and often contain
protruding contents
What is considered a true hernia?
When the ring (anatomic border of the abdominal wall defect) is confined within a normal
aperture in the abdominal wall
What is a false hernia?
When the ring (anatomic border of the abdominal wall defect) occurs in other areas (not
convinced within the normal ape rapture in the abdominal wall)
False hernias occur due to what?
Result of trauma or through a distrusted surgical approach (an acquired incisional hernia)
T/F: very larger hernial rings or small defects seldom cause clinical problems
True—hernias just large enough to entrap viscera and obstruct blood supply to the contents
(strangulation) are most dangerous to patient
Which hernias are the most clinically relevant (the ones that cause patient's problems)?
Strangulating hernias—hernias just large enough to entrap viscera and obstruct blood supply to
the contents
Hernia ring
Muscle
Hernia sac
Hernial contents
What may cause a delay in in onset of clinical signs associated with a hernia?
,Contraction of scar tissue at the hernial ring during the healing process may cause a delay in
onset of clinical signs as the organs become entrapped (incarcerated) or obstructed
What is developmental (congenital) hernia?
The hernial sac is a mesothelial membrane (peritoneum) covering the contents
In an acute traumatic or incision a hernia, what is missing?
No sac is present
Overtime, a peritoneal sac may form over the contents of a chronic traumatic or incisional hernia
(peritonealization)
Overtime, a peritoneal sac may form over the contents of which hernias?
Chronic traumatic or incisional hernias
What is peritonealization?
Overtime, a peritoneal sac may form over the contents of chronic traumatic or incisional hernias
Hernial contents without a mesothelial covering (peritoneum), are at risk for developing
what?
Adhesions that restrict movement of the contents (irreducible hernias) —may lead to obstruction
or torsion of the protruding tissue pedicle
What are irreducible hernias?
Those that lack a mesothelial covering that develops adhesion which restrict movement if the
hernial contents
How can hernias be classified?
By their location or by whether they are spontaneous or acquired
Most spontaneous hernias are thought to be what in nature?
Congenital (developmental)
Most acquired hernias are thought to be what in nature?
, Form after blunt or penetrating trauma or from a failed abdominal wall closure (iatrogenic)
What is an auto-penetrating hernia?
When a traumatic abdominal hernia is caused by a fractured rib penetrating through abdominal
musculature
What anatomy is important when attempting hernia reconstruction?
The arrangements of the aponeuroses of abdominal muscles, their attachments and fiber direction
What forms the linea alba?
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominal muscles
BETWEEN THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS
What is the linea alba?
Fibers of the tendinitis aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal
oblique and transverse abdomen muscles converge to join on midline to form a thick white band-
the linea alba which is located between the rectus abdominus
Where is the linea alba widest?
At the cranial abdomen (it narrows considerably before it attaches to the pubis)
What connects the linea alba to the pubis?
Prepubic tendon (AKA cranial public ligament)
Fibers of the flat tendinous aponeuroses of abdominal wall muscles pass how to the rectus
abdominus?
Deep or superficially
The external abdominal oblique aponeuroses always run what to the rectus abdominis
muscle?
CORECT ANSWERS!!
What is a hernia composed of?
Ring (anatomic border of the abdominal wall defect) and sometimes a sac and often contain
protruding contents
What is considered a true hernia?
When the ring (anatomic border of the abdominal wall defect) is confined within a normal
aperture in the abdominal wall
What is a false hernia?
When the ring (anatomic border of the abdominal wall defect) occurs in other areas (not
convinced within the normal ape rapture in the abdominal wall)
False hernias occur due to what?
Result of trauma or through a distrusted surgical approach (an acquired incisional hernia)
T/F: very larger hernial rings or small defects seldom cause clinical problems
True—hernias just large enough to entrap viscera and obstruct blood supply to the contents
(strangulation) are most dangerous to patient
Which hernias are the most clinically relevant (the ones that cause patient's problems)?
Strangulating hernias—hernias just large enough to entrap viscera and obstruct blood supply to
the contents
Hernia ring
Muscle
Hernia sac
Hernial contents
What may cause a delay in in onset of clinical signs associated with a hernia?
,Contraction of scar tissue at the hernial ring during the healing process may cause a delay in
onset of clinical signs as the organs become entrapped (incarcerated) or obstructed
What is developmental (congenital) hernia?
The hernial sac is a mesothelial membrane (peritoneum) covering the contents
In an acute traumatic or incision a hernia, what is missing?
No sac is present
Overtime, a peritoneal sac may form over the contents of a chronic traumatic or incisional hernia
(peritonealization)
Overtime, a peritoneal sac may form over the contents of which hernias?
Chronic traumatic or incisional hernias
What is peritonealization?
Overtime, a peritoneal sac may form over the contents of chronic traumatic or incisional hernias
Hernial contents without a mesothelial covering (peritoneum), are at risk for developing
what?
Adhesions that restrict movement of the contents (irreducible hernias) —may lead to obstruction
or torsion of the protruding tissue pedicle
What are irreducible hernias?
Those that lack a mesothelial covering that develops adhesion which restrict movement if the
hernial contents
How can hernias be classified?
By their location or by whether they are spontaneous or acquired
Most spontaneous hernias are thought to be what in nature?
Congenital (developmental)
Most acquired hernias are thought to be what in nature?
, Form after blunt or penetrating trauma or from a failed abdominal wall closure (iatrogenic)
What is an auto-penetrating hernia?
When a traumatic abdominal hernia is caused by a fractured rib penetrating through abdominal
musculature
What anatomy is important when attempting hernia reconstruction?
The arrangements of the aponeuroses of abdominal muscles, their attachments and fiber direction
What forms the linea alba?
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominal muscles
BETWEEN THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS
What is the linea alba?
Fibers of the tendinitis aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal
oblique and transverse abdomen muscles converge to join on midline to form a thick white band-
the linea alba which is located between the rectus abdominus
Where is the linea alba widest?
At the cranial abdomen (it narrows considerably before it attaches to the pubis)
What connects the linea alba to the pubis?
Prepubic tendon (AKA cranial public ligament)
Fibers of the flat tendinous aponeuroses of abdominal wall muscles pass how to the rectus
abdominus?
Deep or superficially
The external abdominal oblique aponeuroses always run what to the rectus abdominis
muscle?
