MMSC491 Exam 2 2025 Actual exam (Testing Real
Exam Questions) and verified Answers ( 100%
accurate) GET IT RIGHT!!
1. Which of the following statements is false regarding the sources of genetic
variation?
a. Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of exposure to
extracellular mutagens, including sources of chemical mutagens
b. Significant chemical damage is sustained by DNA because of its proximity to
water molecules in our cells
c. Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of unavoidable
endogenous errors in cellular mechanisms and harmful effects on certain natural
molecules and atoms within our cells
d. Errors in DNA replication and DNA repair are a major source of mutations in our
cells - (ANSWER)a. Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of
exposure to extracellular mutagens, including sources of chemical mutagens
2. With reference to DNA repair, which of the following is false?
a. Crosslinking of bases on opposite DNA strands is especially problematic for cells
because it presents and obstacle to DNA replication and the replication fork is
stalled
b. Double strand DNA breaks are a challenge for cells because if repair is not
affected immediately the ends can drift apart quickly making correct repair
impossible
c. Crosslinking of bases on opposite DNA strands can be problematic for cells
because it may present an obstacle to transcription and the RNA polymerase is
stalled
,d. Repair of double stranded DNA breaks is easier in cells prior to DNA replication
than after DNA replication has occurred - (ANSWER)d. Repair of double stranded
DNA breaks is easier in cells prior to DNA replication than after DNA replication
has occurred
3. With reference to imprinting disorders, which of the following is false?
a. With the exception of abnormal chromosome segregation, imprinting disorders
always result from a deletion or inactivating mutation within or spanning the
imprinted gene cluster
b. Angelman and prader willi syndrome are very different disorders but can be
caused by precisely the same large deletion at 15q11-q13
c. About one quarter of individuals with angelman syndrome lack a paternal
chromosome 15
d. In some imprinting disorders, disease results from inappropriate biallelic
expression of a gene - (ANSWER)a. With the exception of abnormal chromosome
segregation, imprinting disorders always result from a deletion or inactivating
mutation within or spanning the imprinted gene cluster
4. Which of the following describes the non viral transfer of DNA, RNA, and
oligonucleotides into human or other animal cells? - (ANSWER)Transfection
5. Which of the following is an example of prevention treatment?
a. Organ transplant
b. Shunting elevated metabolite into side metabolic pathway
c. Reduction of susceptibility factor
, d. Bone marrow transplant - (ANSWER)c. Reduction of susceptibility factor
6. Which disorders are more suitable for augmentation therapy?
a. Disorders in which the pathogenesis involves a positively harmful effect.
b. Recessive disorders
c. Disorders that do not involve a deficiency
d. Dominant disorders - (ANSWER)
7. Which of the following best describes cytokines?
a. Proteins released by animal cells that are involved in alerting the cellular
immune
system of viral infection of host cells
b. Chemical messengers that help in intracellular signaling
c. Any of a class of glycoproteins produced by leukocytes for regulating immune
responses
d. A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the
activity
of certain cells or organs - (ANSWER)b. Chemical messengers that help in
intracellular signaling
8. Which of the following terms describes the ability to give rise to all cell types?
a. Monopotent
b. Multipotent
Exam Questions) and verified Answers ( 100%
accurate) GET IT RIGHT!!
1. Which of the following statements is false regarding the sources of genetic
variation?
a. Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of exposure to
extracellular mutagens, including sources of chemical mutagens
b. Significant chemical damage is sustained by DNA because of its proximity to
water molecules in our cells
c. Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of unavoidable
endogenous errors in cellular mechanisms and harmful effects on certain natural
molecules and atoms within our cells
d. Errors in DNA replication and DNA repair are a major source of mutations in our
cells - (ANSWER)a. Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of
exposure to extracellular mutagens, including sources of chemical mutagens
2. With reference to DNA repair, which of the following is false?
a. Crosslinking of bases on opposite DNA strands is especially problematic for cells
because it presents and obstacle to DNA replication and the replication fork is
stalled
b. Double strand DNA breaks are a challenge for cells because if repair is not
affected immediately the ends can drift apart quickly making correct repair
impossible
c. Crosslinking of bases on opposite DNA strands can be problematic for cells
because it may present an obstacle to transcription and the RNA polymerase is
stalled
,d. Repair of double stranded DNA breaks is easier in cells prior to DNA replication
than after DNA replication has occurred - (ANSWER)d. Repair of double stranded
DNA breaks is easier in cells prior to DNA replication than after DNA replication
has occurred
3. With reference to imprinting disorders, which of the following is false?
a. With the exception of abnormal chromosome segregation, imprinting disorders
always result from a deletion or inactivating mutation within or spanning the
imprinted gene cluster
b. Angelman and prader willi syndrome are very different disorders but can be
caused by precisely the same large deletion at 15q11-q13
c. About one quarter of individuals with angelman syndrome lack a paternal
chromosome 15
d. In some imprinting disorders, disease results from inappropriate biallelic
expression of a gene - (ANSWER)a. With the exception of abnormal chromosome
segregation, imprinting disorders always result from a deletion or inactivating
mutation within or spanning the imprinted gene cluster
4. Which of the following describes the non viral transfer of DNA, RNA, and
oligonucleotides into human or other animal cells? - (ANSWER)Transfection
5. Which of the following is an example of prevention treatment?
a. Organ transplant
b. Shunting elevated metabolite into side metabolic pathway
c. Reduction of susceptibility factor
, d. Bone marrow transplant - (ANSWER)c. Reduction of susceptibility factor
6. Which disorders are more suitable for augmentation therapy?
a. Disorders in which the pathogenesis involves a positively harmful effect.
b. Recessive disorders
c. Disorders that do not involve a deficiency
d. Dominant disorders - (ANSWER)
7. Which of the following best describes cytokines?
a. Proteins released by animal cells that are involved in alerting the cellular
immune
system of viral infection of host cells
b. Chemical messengers that help in intracellular signaling
c. Any of a class of glycoproteins produced by leukocytes for regulating immune
responses
d. A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the
activity
of certain cells or organs - (ANSWER)b. Chemical messengers that help in
intracellular signaling
8. Which of the following terms describes the ability to give rise to all cell types?
a. Monopotent
b. Multipotent
