1|Page
NURS 251 PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM MODULE 1-10 EXAM 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALL
ANSWERED {250 Q & A} ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS
A 22-year-old competitive gymnast has experienced amenorrhea
for the past 5 years. Her PCP is suspecting that she may have
premature osteoporosis. Would you expect her RANKL levels to
be high, normal, or low? Explain why her levels would be at this
level. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > I would suspect that her RANKL levels
to be high. I would expect her levels to be high because
amenorrhea means the patient has lower estrogen levels and
low estrogen levels lead to low OPG which increases RANKL
levels and osteoclast activity.
The risk factors for _____ _____ include hyperglycemia,
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, altered platelet function,
endothelial dysfunction, elevated fibrinogen levels, and systemic
inflammation. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Macrovascular Complications
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______ is defined as a blood glucose of <60 mg/dL, with
associated cognitive impairment. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
hypoglycemia
____ ____ ____ is diagnosed by hyperglycemia (blood glucose >500
mg/dL), hyperosmolarity, and dehydration, without ketoacidosis. -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Hyperosmolar hypergylcemic state (HHS)
Which oral antidiabetic drugs increase GLP-1 and GIP, which
increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > DPP-4 inhibitors
Each of the following are true of gout except - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Uric acid dissolves readily in synovial fluid
Which of the following would a patient likely report if you suspect
they have OA? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Stiffness in the morning that
resolves in less than 30 minutes
Which of the following are true regarding synovial joints? (mark
all that apply) - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Condyloid joints allow gliding of
irregular joint surfaces
They are freely moving
The synovium surrounds the joint margins
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Cancellous bone receives its blood supply by what means? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone
and the canaliculi
What is the recommended calcium intake for postmenopausal
women? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 1500 mg daily
Which of the following cells when stimulated by bone
morphogenic proteins (BMPs) differentiate to contribute to
normal bone growth? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Osteoprogenitor cells
Which of the following are true of articular cartilage? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > a. b. and c. are all true
A patient has low serum calcium levels. Which of the following is
true given this scenario? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > PTH will increase
renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing
renal excretion of phosphate
Which of the following medications is used to maintain normal
levels of uric acid? (mark all that apply) - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
allopurinol
, 4|Page
Which of the following is false regarding structural changes in
OA? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Microfractures extend through the
articular surface but not into the subchondral bone
Which of the following is true regarding the synovium? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > The synovium secretes fluid that facilitates
movement between articulating surfaces
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis is characterized by which of the
following? (mark all that apply) - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Low levels of
OPG
Fractures are mostly seen in the vertebrae and distal radius
T/F - If False, change the statement to make it True
Osteoblast replication and activity are increased with age. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > false, osteoblast replication decreases with age
T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True
Lamellae house osteocytes. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > false, lacunae
house osteocytes
T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True
NURS 251 PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM MODULE 1-10 EXAM 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALL
ANSWERED {250 Q & A} ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS
A 22-year-old competitive gymnast has experienced amenorrhea
for the past 5 years. Her PCP is suspecting that she may have
premature osteoporosis. Would you expect her RANKL levels to
be high, normal, or low? Explain why her levels would be at this
level. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > I would suspect that her RANKL levels
to be high. I would expect her levels to be high because
amenorrhea means the patient has lower estrogen levels and
low estrogen levels lead to low OPG which increases RANKL
levels and osteoclast activity.
The risk factors for _____ _____ include hyperglycemia,
hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, altered platelet function,
endothelial dysfunction, elevated fibrinogen levels, and systemic
inflammation. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Macrovascular Complications
,2|Page
______ is defined as a blood glucose of <60 mg/dL, with
associated cognitive impairment. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
hypoglycemia
____ ____ ____ is diagnosed by hyperglycemia (blood glucose >500
mg/dL), hyperosmolarity, and dehydration, without ketoacidosis. -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Hyperosmolar hypergylcemic state (HHS)
Which oral antidiabetic drugs increase GLP-1 and GIP, which
increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > DPP-4 inhibitors
Each of the following are true of gout except - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Uric acid dissolves readily in synovial fluid
Which of the following would a patient likely report if you suspect
they have OA? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Stiffness in the morning that
resolves in less than 30 minutes
Which of the following are true regarding synovial joints? (mark
all that apply) - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Condyloid joints allow gliding of
irregular joint surfaces
They are freely moving
The synovium surrounds the joint margins
,3|Page
Cancellous bone receives its blood supply by what means? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone
and the canaliculi
What is the recommended calcium intake for postmenopausal
women? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > 1500 mg daily
Which of the following cells when stimulated by bone
morphogenic proteins (BMPs) differentiate to contribute to
normal bone growth? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Osteoprogenitor cells
Which of the following are true of articular cartilage? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > a. b. and c. are all true
A patient has low serum calcium levels. Which of the following is
true given this scenario? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > PTH will increase
renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing
renal excretion of phosphate
Which of the following medications is used to maintain normal
levels of uric acid? (mark all that apply) - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
allopurinol
, 4|Page
Which of the following is false regarding structural changes in
OA? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Microfractures extend through the
articular surface but not into the subchondral bone
Which of the following is true regarding the synovium? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > The synovium secretes fluid that facilitates
movement between articulating surfaces
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis is characterized by which of the
following? (mark all that apply) - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Low levels of
OPG
Fractures are mostly seen in the vertebrae and distal radius
T/F - If False, change the statement to make it True
Osteoblast replication and activity are increased with age. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > false, osteoblast replication decreases with age
T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True
Lamellae house osteocytes. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > false, lacunae
house osteocytes
T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True
