Synoptic Links:
1. The growth in popularity of Malleus Maleficarum correlates with the
rise in executions of witches in Europe EXCEPT in Italy where it was
declining, as it was the birthplace of the humanist renaissance so
the book was viewed with more scientific scepticism
2. Malleus does not reach as far as Poland until published in polish in
1614 when after 4,000 executed
3. Though links between economic hardship and witch-hunts in
Germany but not elsewhere in Europe because of lack of state
centralisation that meant there wasn’t state intervention
4. Generally witch persecutions increase during wars such as in
England during the English civil war of 1642 however in France
during the Wars of Religion persecutions actually declined due to
the severity of the wars distracting the usual legal processes
5. Reformation more of a movement within western Christianity
6. Mediterranean Carnival culture continue into 18th century with both
popular and elite due to the strong catholic influence there
7. Iceland 92% male as Scandinavian countries believed women were
not educated enough to perform diabolical magic
8. Women have more freedom in Northern Europe due to financial and
legal autonomy
9. Southern Europe slowest withdrawal of elite and slowest
improvement in literacy dur to dominance of catholic church
focussing more on religious control e.g. Index Liborum Prohibitorium
10. Zealous Catholic prince-bishoprics such as in Passau and
Regensburg maintained the same religious mindset, but avoided the
execution of witches showing that strong religious influence didn’t
always lead to persecutions
11. Spain lack of religious division as remained firmly Roman
Catholic in spite of the Reformation, Spain fewer than 300 executed
across the early modern period
1. The growth in popularity of Malleus Maleficarum correlates with the
rise in executions of witches in Europe EXCEPT in Italy where it was
declining, as it was the birthplace of the humanist renaissance so
the book was viewed with more scientific scepticism
2. Malleus does not reach as far as Poland until published in polish in
1614 when after 4,000 executed
3. Though links between economic hardship and witch-hunts in
Germany but not elsewhere in Europe because of lack of state
centralisation that meant there wasn’t state intervention
4. Generally witch persecutions increase during wars such as in
England during the English civil war of 1642 however in France
during the Wars of Religion persecutions actually declined due to
the severity of the wars distracting the usual legal processes
5. Reformation more of a movement within western Christianity
6. Mediterranean Carnival culture continue into 18th century with both
popular and elite due to the strong catholic influence there
7. Iceland 92% male as Scandinavian countries believed women were
not educated enough to perform diabolical magic
8. Women have more freedom in Northern Europe due to financial and
legal autonomy
9. Southern Europe slowest withdrawal of elite and slowest
improvement in literacy dur to dominance of catholic church
focussing more on religious control e.g. Index Liborum Prohibitorium
10. Zealous Catholic prince-bishoprics such as in Passau and
Regensburg maintained the same religious mindset, but avoided the
execution of witches showing that strong religious influence didn’t
always lead to persecutions
11. Spain lack of religious division as remained firmly Roman
Catholic in spite of the Reformation, Spain fewer than 300 executed
across the early modern period
