Microbiology: A Systems Approach Chapters
6,7,11,12
Why are viruses NOT considered to be true life forms? - (correct Answer) - -They are Acellular
-They are only made of DNA or RNA-- Never both
-They have no independent metabolism
What does it mean to be an Obligate Intracellular Parasite? - (correct Answer) - -All viruses are parasites,
but not all parasites are viruses
-Viruses need a host for metabolism
- Parasites use their host for food, but they have their own metabolism
3 Main Parts of a Virus - (correct Answer) - 1) Nucleic Acid Core
2) Capsid Protein Shell
3) Envelope
Virion - (correct Answer) - - A complete viral particle made up of a nucleic acid core, a capsid protein
shell, and an envelope
Nucleic Acid Core - (correct Answer) - -Has DNA or RNA: Never both
-Very compact in size
-Very few genes
-May be single or double stranded
-May be linear or circular
-Some are segmented
-Means we have a unique target
Capsid Protein Shell - (correct Answer) - -Composed of capsomers
-Shape may be Polyhedral, Helical, or Complex
Capsomers - (correct Answer) - -Protein the cell is forced to make
-They self assemble to form capsids around nucleic acid cores
Envelope - (correct Answer) - -Taken from the host during the "release phase"
,-Only found in SOME viruses (Naked or Enveloped)
-Usually has spike proteins (Used by the virus to attach to surfaces)
What is Viral Classification based on? - (correct Answer) - 1) Nucleic Acid Core (always first)
2) Size
3) Shape
4) Genome
5) Immunology
6) Host Range
7) Diseases Caused
8) Method of Transportation
9) Enveloped (?)
When viruses have a +sense core they are... - (correct Answer) - ...immediately translatable
When viruses have a -sense core they are... - (correct Answer) - ...NOT immediately translatable
Picornaviruses - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Tiny RNA viruses
-Known for being widespread
-Low infectious dose
-Very, very contagious
Enterovirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Spread via GI tract
-Ingested
EX: Poliovirus, Coxsackievirus, D68
Rhinovirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Cause the common cold
, -Typically spread via inhalation and physical contact
-Hundreds of strains
Hepatovirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Typically ingested
-Affects the liver
EX:HepA
Togavirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Loosely enveloped
-Has teratogens-- dangerous when pregnant
Coronavirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-Common cold that is NOT caused by Rhinovirus(20%)
-Many strains
Flavivirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-Most influx family of viruses
-Arbovirus: Term use loosely to describe certain ways that viruses are spread
-Not a formal genus name
-Arthropod: Spread by mosquitoes
Calcivirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-AKA Norovirus
-Commonly found on cruise ships
-Diarrheal and vomiting virus
-Shortest incubation time
-Usually 24 hours
6,7,11,12
Why are viruses NOT considered to be true life forms? - (correct Answer) - -They are Acellular
-They are only made of DNA or RNA-- Never both
-They have no independent metabolism
What does it mean to be an Obligate Intracellular Parasite? - (correct Answer) - -All viruses are parasites,
but not all parasites are viruses
-Viruses need a host for metabolism
- Parasites use their host for food, but they have their own metabolism
3 Main Parts of a Virus - (correct Answer) - 1) Nucleic Acid Core
2) Capsid Protein Shell
3) Envelope
Virion - (correct Answer) - - A complete viral particle made up of a nucleic acid core, a capsid protein
shell, and an envelope
Nucleic Acid Core - (correct Answer) - -Has DNA or RNA: Never both
-Very compact in size
-Very few genes
-May be single or double stranded
-May be linear or circular
-Some are segmented
-Means we have a unique target
Capsid Protein Shell - (correct Answer) - -Composed of capsomers
-Shape may be Polyhedral, Helical, or Complex
Capsomers - (correct Answer) - -Protein the cell is forced to make
-They self assemble to form capsids around nucleic acid cores
Envelope - (correct Answer) - -Taken from the host during the "release phase"
,-Only found in SOME viruses (Naked or Enveloped)
-Usually has spike proteins (Used by the virus to attach to surfaces)
What is Viral Classification based on? - (correct Answer) - 1) Nucleic Acid Core (always first)
2) Size
3) Shape
4) Genome
5) Immunology
6) Host Range
7) Diseases Caused
8) Method of Transportation
9) Enveloped (?)
When viruses have a +sense core they are... - (correct Answer) - ...immediately translatable
When viruses have a -sense core they are... - (correct Answer) - ...NOT immediately translatable
Picornaviruses - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Tiny RNA viruses
-Known for being widespread
-Low infectious dose
-Very, very contagious
Enterovirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Spread via GI tract
-Ingested
EX: Poliovirus, Coxsackievirus, D68
Rhinovirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Cause the common cold
, -Typically spread via inhalation and physical contact
-Hundreds of strains
Hepatovirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Naked
-Typically ingested
-Affects the liver
EX:HepA
Togavirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Loosely enveloped
-Has teratogens-- dangerous when pregnant
Coronavirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-Common cold that is NOT caused by Rhinovirus(20%)
-Many strains
Flavivirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-Most influx family of viruses
-Arbovirus: Term use loosely to describe certain ways that viruses are spread
-Not a formal genus name
-Arthropod: Spread by mosquitoes
Calcivirus - (correct Answer) - -+sense RNA virus
-Enveloped
-AKA Norovirus
-Commonly found on cruise ships
-Diarrheal and vomiting virus
-Shortest incubation time
-Usually 24 hours
