8/21/25, 8:21
AM
N334 PATHOPHARM EXAM II EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (92)
Insulin hormone produced by beta cells of the Islets of
Langerhans (specialized tissue in pancreas)
treatment but not a cure
types: Conventional and analogue, long acting and
Insulin Therapy short acting
primary ADE is over-treatment -> hypoglycemia
synthetic human insulins
Regular: rapid-acting, short duration (only one used IV)
Conventional insulins NPH: intermediate-acting,
longer duration Lente:
intermediate-acting, longer
duration Ultralente: long-
acting, long duration
genetically altered to change the way they act
1/
19
,8/21/25, 8:21
AM
in your body (more quickly than normal or
slower than endogenous insulin and regular
insulin)
Lispro (Humalog) & Aspart (Novolog):
Insulin analogues - rapid-acting (onset 15 min, peak 30-90 min)
Glargine (Lantus) & Detemir (Levemir):
- long-acting (onset 1 hr, no peak)
only one given IV
ADR- lipodystrophy (scarring in fat d/t sub-q
injections), weight gain, hypoglycemia (at
Human Regular Insulin med. peak)
ADR, interactions,
education interact- beta blockers, ACE inhibitors
ed- rotate injection sites, store at room temp once open
loss of local fat deposits in diabetic patients as
a complication of repeated insulin injections in
Lipodystrophy same spot
prevention: rotate injection sites
faster acting,
shorter lasting
Rapid acting insulin cannot be given
IV
2/
19
, 8/21/25, 8:21
AM
Includes: insulin lispro (Humalog), and Insulin aspart
(NovoLog)
slow onset, lasts up to 42 hours
Long acting insulin Includes: insulin degludec (Tresiba); insulin
determir (Levemir); insulin glargine (Basaglar,
Lantus, Toujeo)
Intermediate acting insulin onset: 1-4 hours, duration 18-24 hours
Only one type isophane insulin (Humulin N, NPH)
sulfonylure
as
biguanides
(metformin)
Oral agents for DM thiazolidine
diones
alpha-glucosidase
inhibitors
incretin
mimetics
amyline
mimetics
SGLT2
DPP-4 Inhibitors
stimulates pancreatic beta
cells to secrete insulin used
Sulfonylureas in T2DM
administer 30m prior to meal
ex. Glyburide and glipizide
3/
19
AM
N334 PATHOPHARM EXAM II EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED UPDATE 2025/2026
Terms in this set (92)
Insulin hormone produced by beta cells of the Islets of
Langerhans (specialized tissue in pancreas)
treatment but not a cure
types: Conventional and analogue, long acting and
Insulin Therapy short acting
primary ADE is over-treatment -> hypoglycemia
synthetic human insulins
Regular: rapid-acting, short duration (only one used IV)
Conventional insulins NPH: intermediate-acting,
longer duration Lente:
intermediate-acting, longer
duration Ultralente: long-
acting, long duration
genetically altered to change the way they act
1/
19
,8/21/25, 8:21
AM
in your body (more quickly than normal or
slower than endogenous insulin and regular
insulin)
Lispro (Humalog) & Aspart (Novolog):
Insulin analogues - rapid-acting (onset 15 min, peak 30-90 min)
Glargine (Lantus) & Detemir (Levemir):
- long-acting (onset 1 hr, no peak)
only one given IV
ADR- lipodystrophy (scarring in fat d/t sub-q
injections), weight gain, hypoglycemia (at
Human Regular Insulin med. peak)
ADR, interactions,
education interact- beta blockers, ACE inhibitors
ed- rotate injection sites, store at room temp once open
loss of local fat deposits in diabetic patients as
a complication of repeated insulin injections in
Lipodystrophy same spot
prevention: rotate injection sites
faster acting,
shorter lasting
Rapid acting insulin cannot be given
IV
2/
19
, 8/21/25, 8:21
AM
Includes: insulin lispro (Humalog), and Insulin aspart
(NovoLog)
slow onset, lasts up to 42 hours
Long acting insulin Includes: insulin degludec (Tresiba); insulin
determir (Levemir); insulin glargine (Basaglar,
Lantus, Toujeo)
Intermediate acting insulin onset: 1-4 hours, duration 18-24 hours
Only one type isophane insulin (Humulin N, NPH)
sulfonylure
as
biguanides
(metformin)
Oral agents for DM thiazolidine
diones
alpha-glucosidase
inhibitors
incretin
mimetics
amyline
mimetics
SGLT2
DPP-4 Inhibitors
stimulates pancreatic beta
cells to secrete insulin used
Sulfonylureas in T2DM
administer 30m prior to meal
ex. Glyburide and glipizide
3/
19
