8/21/25, 8:21
AM
N334 EXAM 3 - METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED UPDATE GRADED A 2025/2026
Terms in this set (90)
o Pancreas regulates BG
o Glucose is stored in liver and muscles and is
released by glucagon
§ Glucose is essential for CNS
o Insulin is secreted from the Beta cells of
the islets of Langerhans; insulin is
needed for cells to take up and use
carbs/glucose
Describe the
o Insulin is secreted during fasting (basal) and 10
pathophysiology of
min before meals (bolus)
diabetes mellitus T1
o Type 1: pancreatic Beta cells (which
and T2
produce insulin) are destroyed by
antibodies from (there is a genetic link)
autoimmune disease
o Type 2: typically arises because of
insulin resistance and cells cannot use
insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells
§ Can range from being totally insulin resistance to
deficient insulin secretion
§ Often confused in children as influenza,
gastroenteritis, and appendicitis
1/
27
,8/21/25, 8:21
AM
o Gestational DM
Glucose intolerance with onset in or first
recognition during pregnancy
What is the major type 1 does not produce any insulin
distinction between type 2 does not produce enough or the body
type 1 and type 2 cannot use the insulin
diabetes?
How is the onset for type 1 typically has a sudden onset while
Type 1 different than type 2 is more gradual but in both cases,
type 2 the person's body has been trying to
compensate for this deficiency for a
couple years
how does someone the autoantibodies start to build up until more
with type one severe manifestations occur - DKA
diabetes often not get
diagnosed until they
are 4-7 years old?
Determine if T1 does need insulin
someone with T1 DM T2 may need insulin or may not
and T2 DM NEED to
have insulin.
what are the risk overweight, obesity, advanced age, family
factors of T2 DM history BUT there is an increasing
prevalence in ethnic groups (AA, NA, and
Hispanic)
is insulin needed for no
glucose to enter the
cells of nerves or
vascular tissue?
2/
27
, 8/21/25, 8:21
AM
Is insulin needed for yes
glucose uptake in
liver, kidney, or
brain? or fat tissue?
what happens when the cells cannot use the glucose and will
cells become start to break down stored glycogen
resistant to insulin? (and proteins) to increase blood sugar,
but them may already have high blood
sugar which can cause problems
how does an increase more fluid will shift to the extracellular space to
of glucose affect the dilute the filtrate
fluid shift of the body?
In DM, they body may the hunger mechanism (polyphagia)
have glucose in their
blood but they don't
have the insulin to
bring it into the cells
which makes the
body think that it is
deficient in glucose,
this triggers what
mechanism?
when the glomerulus it spills glucose into
reaches it's max, what the urine (polyuria)
tends to happen? causes excessive
water loss
(dehydration)
causes thirst (polydipsia) and a depletion of
3/
27
AM
N334 EXAM 3 - METABOLISM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED UPDATE GRADED A 2025/2026
Terms in this set (90)
o Pancreas regulates BG
o Glucose is stored in liver and muscles and is
released by glucagon
§ Glucose is essential for CNS
o Insulin is secreted from the Beta cells of
the islets of Langerhans; insulin is
needed for cells to take up and use
carbs/glucose
Describe the
o Insulin is secreted during fasting (basal) and 10
pathophysiology of
min before meals (bolus)
diabetes mellitus T1
o Type 1: pancreatic Beta cells (which
and T2
produce insulin) are destroyed by
antibodies from (there is a genetic link)
autoimmune disease
o Type 2: typically arises because of
insulin resistance and cells cannot use
insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells
§ Can range from being totally insulin resistance to
deficient insulin secretion
§ Often confused in children as influenza,
gastroenteritis, and appendicitis
1/
27
,8/21/25, 8:21
AM
o Gestational DM
Glucose intolerance with onset in or first
recognition during pregnancy
What is the major type 1 does not produce any insulin
distinction between type 2 does not produce enough or the body
type 1 and type 2 cannot use the insulin
diabetes?
How is the onset for type 1 typically has a sudden onset while
Type 1 different than type 2 is more gradual but in both cases,
type 2 the person's body has been trying to
compensate for this deficiency for a
couple years
how does someone the autoantibodies start to build up until more
with type one severe manifestations occur - DKA
diabetes often not get
diagnosed until they
are 4-7 years old?
Determine if T1 does need insulin
someone with T1 DM T2 may need insulin or may not
and T2 DM NEED to
have insulin.
what are the risk overweight, obesity, advanced age, family
factors of T2 DM history BUT there is an increasing
prevalence in ethnic groups (AA, NA, and
Hispanic)
is insulin needed for no
glucose to enter the
cells of nerves or
vascular tissue?
2/
27
, 8/21/25, 8:21
AM
Is insulin needed for yes
glucose uptake in
liver, kidney, or
brain? or fat tissue?
what happens when the cells cannot use the glucose and will
cells become start to break down stored glycogen
resistant to insulin? (and proteins) to increase blood sugar,
but them may already have high blood
sugar which can cause problems
how does an increase more fluid will shift to the extracellular space to
of glucose affect the dilute the filtrate
fluid shift of the body?
In DM, they body may the hunger mechanism (polyphagia)
have glucose in their
blood but they don't
have the insulin to
bring it into the cells
which makes the
body think that it is
deficient in glucose,
this triggers what
mechanism?
when the glomerulus it spills glucose into
reaches it's max, what the urine (polyuria)
tends to happen? causes excessive
water loss
(dehydration)
causes thirst (polydipsia) and a depletion of
3/
27
