8/21/25, 8:28
AM
N301 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE GRADED A 2025/2026
Terms in this set (265)
1. Accessible healthcare
2. Appropriate technology
what are the six primary 3. Cultural sensitivity and cultural safety
health care principles 4. Intersectoral cooperation
5. Community participation
6. Health promotion
what is primary prevention mainly focusing on health and wellness to
in healthcare prevent illness, e.g. immunisations, healthy
lifestyle advice, financial or housing
circumstances
what is secondary focuses on treating or limiting illness early e.g.
prevention in healthcare screening and contract tracing
what is tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation, restorative care to
in healthcare slow or stop disease progression e.g.
chemotherapy, stroke rehab
Alma Ata 1978 primary healthcare for all
adme absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
drugs bind to a central compartment (e.g.
1/
18
,8/21/25, 8:28
AM
bound to a protein) and are spread out into the
what happens in peripheral compartments (e.g. into the
distribution of a bloodstream).
medication? pregnancy can alter based on each enzyme.
how does pregnancy alter (e.g. an enzyme in metoprolol - CYP2D6, has
this? increased effects.
Therefore, doses will be more effective and
adjustment may be needed to prevent
reaching levels of toxicity)
when does metabolism 3 years old
reach adult level?
what is hepatic clearance? removal of substances from the blood by the
liver. medication can reach toxicity levels if
doses are not altered for people under 3
years old.
2/
18
, 8/21/25, 8:28
AM
1. renal blood flow increases by 50-60% due to
increased cardiac output
how does excretion 2. creatinine clearance increases by approx
change in pregnancy? 50% as glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
increases
3. More waste is excreted to protect mum and
baby, due to transporter activity increasing
when does renal function within the first year of life
reach adult functioning
what are the altered peripheral perfusion, GI function
physiological changes in (decreased acid secretion, delayed gastric
neonates that impact emptying, slowed peristalsis), body
medication composition (higher percentage bodily fluid,
administration? @4-6mnths fatty tissue increase) and
immaturity of organs (GFR and renal blood flow
are lower in neonates)
1. Decreased organ functioning "becoming tired"
what considerations 2. Co-morbidity impact on health
are made for 3. Polypharmacy impacts on health
medication 4. Tend to self-prescribe medications
administration in older
adults?
1. placental drug transfer
risks of medication 2. teratogenicity
management in 3. drug transfer to breast milk
children, pregnant 4. gastrointestinal function decrease
women + older people
Clark's bodyweight rule child's weight (kg) / 68 x adult dose = paediatric dose.
3/
18
AM
N301 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST
UPDATE GRADED A 2025/2026
Terms in this set (265)
1. Accessible healthcare
2. Appropriate technology
what are the six primary 3. Cultural sensitivity and cultural safety
health care principles 4. Intersectoral cooperation
5. Community participation
6. Health promotion
what is primary prevention mainly focusing on health and wellness to
in healthcare prevent illness, e.g. immunisations, healthy
lifestyle advice, financial or housing
circumstances
what is secondary focuses on treating or limiting illness early e.g.
prevention in healthcare screening and contract tracing
what is tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation, restorative care to
in healthcare slow or stop disease progression e.g.
chemotherapy, stroke rehab
Alma Ata 1978 primary healthcare for all
adme absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
drugs bind to a central compartment (e.g.
1/
18
,8/21/25, 8:28
AM
bound to a protein) and are spread out into the
what happens in peripheral compartments (e.g. into the
distribution of a bloodstream).
medication? pregnancy can alter based on each enzyme.
how does pregnancy alter (e.g. an enzyme in metoprolol - CYP2D6, has
this? increased effects.
Therefore, doses will be more effective and
adjustment may be needed to prevent
reaching levels of toxicity)
when does metabolism 3 years old
reach adult level?
what is hepatic clearance? removal of substances from the blood by the
liver. medication can reach toxicity levels if
doses are not altered for people under 3
years old.
2/
18
, 8/21/25, 8:28
AM
1. renal blood flow increases by 50-60% due to
increased cardiac output
how does excretion 2. creatinine clearance increases by approx
change in pregnancy? 50% as glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
increases
3. More waste is excreted to protect mum and
baby, due to transporter activity increasing
when does renal function within the first year of life
reach adult functioning
what are the altered peripheral perfusion, GI function
physiological changes in (decreased acid secretion, delayed gastric
neonates that impact emptying, slowed peristalsis), body
medication composition (higher percentage bodily fluid,
administration? @4-6mnths fatty tissue increase) and
immaturity of organs (GFR and renal blood flow
are lower in neonates)
1. Decreased organ functioning "becoming tired"
what considerations 2. Co-morbidity impact on health
are made for 3. Polypharmacy impacts on health
medication 4. Tend to self-prescribe medications
administration in older
adults?
1. placental drug transfer
risks of medication 2. teratogenicity
management in 3. drug transfer to breast milk
children, pregnant 4. gastrointestinal function decrease
women + older people
Clark's bodyweight rule child's weight (kg) / 68 x adult dose = paediatric dose.
3/
18
