Practice quiz questions from Ch 2-10 in
Pathophysiology
Fever and hyperthermia describe conditions in which body temperature is higher than the normal range.
When does hyperthermia occur? - (correct Answer) - When the body's set point is unchanged, but the
temperature goes up
A client has developed heart failure. The doctor reviews the client's chest x-ray and notes that the heart
has enlarged. The changes in the size and shape of the heart are the result of: - (correct Answer) -
Hypertrophy
Explanation:
Cells adapt to changes in their environment and in their work demands by changing their size, number,
and characteristics. An increase in work results in cells undergoing hypertrophy and increasing in size.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. A decrease in work demands or
adverse environmental conditions results in cells atrophy, or reducing in size. Hypoplasia is
underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or an organ
When explaining to a group of parents of school-aged children the importance of protein intake, the
nurse emphasizes which food choices that contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts per
serving? Select all that apply. - (correct Answer) - Eggs
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a deficiency of the liver enzyme phenylalanine
hydroxylase? - (correct Answer) - Phenylketonuria
A client asks the health care provider if any technology exists to limit faulty gene activity from producing
unwanted disease proteins. The best response would be: - (correct Answer) - DNA ?
A client asks why his temperature is always below 98.6°F. The nurse responds: - (correct Answer) -
Normal core temperature varies between individuals within the range of 97.0°F to 99.5°F.
Explanation:
Core temperature is normally maintained within a range of 36.0°C to 37.5°C (97.0°F to 99.5°F). A core
temperature greater than 41°C (105.8°F) or less than 34°C (93.2°F) usually indicates that the body's
thermoregulatory ability is impaired. Body heat is generated in the tissues of the body, transferred to the
skin surface by the blood, and then released into the environment surrounding the body. The
thermoregulatory center regulates the temperature of the deep body tissues, or "core" of the body,
rather than the surface temperature. Internal core temperatures reach their highest point in late
afternoon and evening and their lowest point in the early morning hours
A biochemical event, such as nucleotide change, deletion, or insertion, that produces a new allele is
called which of the following? - (correct Answer) - Mutation
, A mutation is a biochemical event, such as nucleotide change, deletion, or insertion, that produces a
new allele.
-Polymorphism refers to genes that have more than one normal allele at the same locus.
-Although gene expression usually follows a dominant or recessive pattern, it is possible for both alleles
of a gene pair to be fully expressed in the heterozygote. This is codominance.
-When a person inherits a dominant mutant gene, but fails to express it, it is called reduced penetrance.
Which of the following cancers is the leading cause of cancer death? - (correct Answer) - Lung
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths of men and women in the United States
The nurse is considering targeting a risk group for preventative education. Which of the following groups
would benefit most from this education? - (correct Answer) - Obese patients age 20-40
The excess body fat of obesity often significantly impairs health. As a result, obesity is the second leading
cause of preventable death in the United States in adults under age 70, and the third leading cause in all
ages, following smoking and hypertension. It has been predicted that the health effects of obesity will
result in a shorter life expectancy for today's youth.
A client who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment. The nurse knows
that which of the following statements listed below about potential risks of radiation is most accurate? -
(correct Answer) - "Some clients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site."
Chronic radiation dermatitis is a consequence of cancer treatment with ionizing radiation.
Hypocoagulation is not an identified consequence of radiation exposure, and changes can be both
reversible and deeper than the surface of the skin.
Which statement is true concerning chromosomes? - (correct Answer) - Each human somatic cell has 23
pairs of different chromosomes
Each human somatic cell has 23 pairs of different chromosomes, one pair derived from the individual's
mother and the other from the father. One of the chromosome pairs consists of the sex chromosomes.
Genes are arranged linearly along each chromosome. Each chromosome contains one continuous linear
DNA helix
The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis. Which of these interventions does
the nurse anticipate if the client's condition continues to deteriorate? - (correct Answer) - Mechanical
ventilation
Pathophysiology
Fever and hyperthermia describe conditions in which body temperature is higher than the normal range.
When does hyperthermia occur? - (correct Answer) - When the body's set point is unchanged, but the
temperature goes up
A client has developed heart failure. The doctor reviews the client's chest x-ray and notes that the heart
has enlarged. The changes in the size and shape of the heart are the result of: - (correct Answer) -
Hypertrophy
Explanation:
Cells adapt to changes in their environment and in their work demands by changing their size, number,
and characteristics. An increase in work results in cells undergoing hypertrophy and increasing in size.
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. A decrease in work demands or
adverse environmental conditions results in cells atrophy, or reducing in size. Hypoplasia is
underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or an organ
When explaining to a group of parents of school-aged children the importance of protein intake, the
nurse emphasizes which food choices that contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts per
serving? Select all that apply. - (correct Answer) - Eggs
Which of the following conditions is characterized by a deficiency of the liver enzyme phenylalanine
hydroxylase? - (correct Answer) - Phenylketonuria
A client asks the health care provider if any technology exists to limit faulty gene activity from producing
unwanted disease proteins. The best response would be: - (correct Answer) - DNA ?
A client asks why his temperature is always below 98.6°F. The nurse responds: - (correct Answer) -
Normal core temperature varies between individuals within the range of 97.0°F to 99.5°F.
Explanation:
Core temperature is normally maintained within a range of 36.0°C to 37.5°C (97.0°F to 99.5°F). A core
temperature greater than 41°C (105.8°F) or less than 34°C (93.2°F) usually indicates that the body's
thermoregulatory ability is impaired. Body heat is generated in the tissues of the body, transferred to the
skin surface by the blood, and then released into the environment surrounding the body. The
thermoregulatory center regulates the temperature of the deep body tissues, or "core" of the body,
rather than the surface temperature. Internal core temperatures reach their highest point in late
afternoon and evening and their lowest point in the early morning hours
A biochemical event, such as nucleotide change, deletion, or insertion, that produces a new allele is
called which of the following? - (correct Answer) - Mutation
, A mutation is a biochemical event, such as nucleotide change, deletion, or insertion, that produces a
new allele.
-Polymorphism refers to genes that have more than one normal allele at the same locus.
-Although gene expression usually follows a dominant or recessive pattern, it is possible for both alleles
of a gene pair to be fully expressed in the heterozygote. This is codominance.
-When a person inherits a dominant mutant gene, but fails to express it, it is called reduced penetrance.
Which of the following cancers is the leading cause of cancer death? - (correct Answer) - Lung
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths of men and women in the United States
The nurse is considering targeting a risk group for preventative education. Which of the following groups
would benefit most from this education? - (correct Answer) - Obese patients age 20-40
The excess body fat of obesity often significantly impairs health. As a result, obesity is the second leading
cause of preventable death in the United States in adults under age 70, and the third leading cause in all
ages, following smoking and hypertension. It has been predicted that the health effects of obesity will
result in a shorter life expectancy for today's youth.
A client who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment. The nurse knows
that which of the following statements listed below about potential risks of radiation is most accurate? -
(correct Answer) - "Some clients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site."
Chronic radiation dermatitis is a consequence of cancer treatment with ionizing radiation.
Hypocoagulation is not an identified consequence of radiation exposure, and changes can be both
reversible and deeper than the surface of the skin.
Which statement is true concerning chromosomes? - (correct Answer) - Each human somatic cell has 23
pairs of different chromosomes
Each human somatic cell has 23 pairs of different chromosomes, one pair derived from the individual's
mother and the other from the father. One of the chromosome pairs consists of the sex chromosomes.
Genes are arranged linearly along each chromosome. Each chromosome contains one continuous linear
DNA helix
The nurse is caring for a client with worsening respiratory acidosis. Which of these interventions does
the nurse anticipate if the client's condition continues to deteriorate? - (correct Answer) - Mechanical
ventilation
