BIO 201 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What composes the muscular system? - answer- Skeletal muscles only
What is the study of the muscular system called? - answer- Myology
What are the 4 functions of muscles? - answer- 1. Movement
2. Stability
3. Control of body openings and passages
4. Heat production
Muscular movements also serve various roles in ______________. - answer-
Communication
Describe stability. - answer- Prevents unwanted movements, there are some
muscles known as the antigravity muscles that fight against gravity that help us not
fall over or slump.
What percent of body heat is produced by skeletal muscles? - answer- 85%
What is the endomysium layer? - answer- Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that
surrounds each muscle fiber.
The endomysium layer provides room for two things, what are they? - answer- 1.
Blood capillaries
2. Nerve fibers
The endomysium also provides an __________ ______________ environment for
the muscle fiber. - answer- extracellular chemical
Relate the endomysium tissue and excitation. - answer- Excitation of the muscle
fiber depends on exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions across the
endomysial tissue and the nerve end.
What is the perimysium layer? - answer- Thicker connective tissue sheath that wraps
muscle fibers together in bundles called fassicles.
What are fassicles? - answer- Bundles of muscle fibers together
Are fassicles visible to the naked eye, and if so what do they look like? - answer- Yes
fassicles are visible to the naked eye, and they appear as parallel strands.
What does the perimysium carry? - answer- Larger blood vessels, larger nerves, and
muscle spindles
, What is the epimysium layer? - answer- The fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire
muscle
What is the fascia? - answer- Sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring
muscles or muscle groups from each other and from the subcutaneous tissue.
What are the two types of muscle attachments? - answer- 1. Indirect
2. Direct
What is an indirect attachment? - answer- The muscle ends short of its bony
destination and the gap is bridged by a tendon.
What is a tendon? - answer- Fibrous band or sheet
What is direct attachment? - answer- There is so little separation between muscle
and bone that to the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly
from the bone.
What is the origin? - answer- The bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary
end.
What is the insertion? - answer- Attachment site at its more mobile end
What is the belly? - answer- The thicker middle region between the origin and
insertion.
What is the prime mover (agonist)? - answer- The muscle that produces most of the
force during a particular joint action.
What is the synergist? - answer- Muscle that aids the prime mover.
What is the antagonist? - answer- A muscle that opposes the prime mover, limits the
speed or range of the prime mover.
What is a fixator? - answer- A muscle that prevents a bone from moving.
What is an intrinsic muscle? - answer- Is entirely contained within a particular region,
having both its origin and insertion there.
What is an extrinsic muscle? - answer- Acts upon a designated region but it's origin
is elsewhere.
Example: Some movements in the fingers are produced in the forearm (Extrinsic
muscles)
What is innervation of a muscle? - answer- Refers to the identity of the nerve that it
stimulates.
The muscles are innervated by two groups of muscles, what are they? - answer- 1.
Spinal nerves
ANSWERS
What composes the muscular system? - answer- Skeletal muscles only
What is the study of the muscular system called? - answer- Myology
What are the 4 functions of muscles? - answer- 1. Movement
2. Stability
3. Control of body openings and passages
4. Heat production
Muscular movements also serve various roles in ______________. - answer-
Communication
Describe stability. - answer- Prevents unwanted movements, there are some
muscles known as the antigravity muscles that fight against gravity that help us not
fall over or slump.
What percent of body heat is produced by skeletal muscles? - answer- 85%
What is the endomysium layer? - answer- Thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that
surrounds each muscle fiber.
The endomysium layer provides room for two things, what are they? - answer- 1.
Blood capillaries
2. Nerve fibers
The endomysium also provides an __________ ______________ environment for
the muscle fiber. - answer- extracellular chemical
Relate the endomysium tissue and excitation. - answer- Excitation of the muscle
fiber depends on exchange of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions across the
endomysial tissue and the nerve end.
What is the perimysium layer? - answer- Thicker connective tissue sheath that wraps
muscle fibers together in bundles called fassicles.
What are fassicles? - answer- Bundles of muscle fibers together
Are fassicles visible to the naked eye, and if so what do they look like? - answer- Yes
fassicles are visible to the naked eye, and they appear as parallel strands.
What does the perimysium carry? - answer- Larger blood vessels, larger nerves, and
muscle spindles
, What is the epimysium layer? - answer- The fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire
muscle
What is the fascia? - answer- Sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring
muscles or muscle groups from each other and from the subcutaneous tissue.
What are the two types of muscle attachments? - answer- 1. Indirect
2. Direct
What is an indirect attachment? - answer- The muscle ends short of its bony
destination and the gap is bridged by a tendon.
What is a tendon? - answer- Fibrous band or sheet
What is direct attachment? - answer- There is so little separation between muscle
and bone that to the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly
from the bone.
What is the origin? - answer- The bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary
end.
What is the insertion? - answer- Attachment site at its more mobile end
What is the belly? - answer- The thicker middle region between the origin and
insertion.
What is the prime mover (agonist)? - answer- The muscle that produces most of the
force during a particular joint action.
What is the synergist? - answer- Muscle that aids the prime mover.
What is the antagonist? - answer- A muscle that opposes the prime mover, limits the
speed or range of the prime mover.
What is a fixator? - answer- A muscle that prevents a bone from moving.
What is an intrinsic muscle? - answer- Is entirely contained within a particular region,
having both its origin and insertion there.
What is an extrinsic muscle? - answer- Acts upon a designated region but it's origin
is elsewhere.
Example: Some movements in the fingers are produced in the forearm (Extrinsic
muscles)
What is innervation of a muscle? - answer- Refers to the identity of the nerve that it
stimulates.
The muscles are innervated by two groups of muscles, what are they? - answer- 1.
Spinal nerves
