BIO 201 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

BIO 201 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Anatomy - answer- science of body structures and the relationships among them. First studied by dissection, now modern imaging as well Physiology - answer- science of body functions- how it works. Much has been gained through "comparative physiology" Anabolism - answer- endergonic; build larger molecules from smaller ones Catabolism - answer- exergonic; larger molecules are broken into smaller ones Homeostasis - answer- the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions *function of human physiology! Negative Feedback - answer- a mechanism of response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that REDUCE the stimulus Positive Feedback - answer- A physiological control mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change. Signs - answer- objectively measurable Symptoms - answer- only measured by the patient; feelings Molecule - answer- two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Solvency - answer- ability to dissolve matter Cohesion - answer- (physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid Adhesion - answer- an attraction between molecules of different substances Thermal Stability - answer- Refers to the temperature of waters ability to remain stable. Carbohydrates - answer- sugars and starches Monosaccharides - answer- single sugar molecules; glucose, fructose, galactose Disaccharides - answer- Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides Lipids - answer- nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water phospholipids - answer- A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail. Proteins - answer- made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds Nucleic Acids - answer- DNA and RNA Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - answer- one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store and release energy The Cell Theory - answer- 1. All organisms are made up of cells 2. All cells must come from pre-existing cells. 3. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. The Plasma Membrane - answer- surrounds and contains the cytoplasm of a cell. It is composed of proteins and lipids known as the lipid bi-layer; selectively permeable Microvilli - answer- Tiny hair-like projections of the cytoplasmic membrane located only in the small intestine to facilitate absorption by increasing surface area. Cillia - answer- hairlike structures with the capacity for movement Flagella - answer- whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement; SPERM Membrane Transport - answer- A primary function of membranes, involves the regulation of traffic of substances in and out of the cell and its organelles Filtration - answer- a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles Simple Diffusion - answer- the random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration element - answer- a pure substance made of only one kind of atom compound - answer- substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined atom - answer- the smallest particle of an element covalent bond - answer- a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule dehydration synthesis - answer- A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule. cell - answer- basic unit of life concentration gradient - answer- the difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance hypertonic - answer- (of a solution) having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution transmembrane protein - answer- An integral membrane protein that spans the lipid bilayer selectively permeable - answer- a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot