BIO 201 CHAPTERS 1-4
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Atom - answer- (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element
having the chemical properties of the element
Molecule - answer- (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element
or compound
Macromolecule - answer- A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller
molecules, usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and
nucleic acids are macromolecules.
Cell - answer- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
Tissue - answer- a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a
similar structure and function
Organ - answer- composed of two or more types of tissue
Organisms - answer- all living things
Population - answer- a group of organisms of the same species populating a given
area
Community - answer- assemblage of populations of different species
Ecosystem - answer- a system formed by the interaction of a community of
organisms with their physical environment
Biosphere - answer- the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other
planet) where living organisms exist
Evolutionary change - answer- The change in the genetic make-up of a population
that occurs over generations. May result from natural selection, random genetic drift,
etc.
Prokaryotes - answer- single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound
nucleus
Eukaryotes - answer- organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles
Domains of life - answer- archaea & bacteria, which have prokaryotic cells, and
eukarya, composed of eukaryotic cells and divided into animals, plants, protists, &
fungi
, Bacteria - answer- single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
Archae - answer- domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and
genetically distinct from bacteria
Eukarya - answer- Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including
protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Inquiry - answer- a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest
Discovery-based science - answer- Collection and analysis of data without the need
for a preconceived hypothesis
Hypothesis-driven science - answer- the process of scientific inquiry that uses the
steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature
Hypothesis - answer- a tentative theory about the natural world
Control group - answer- the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
Experimental group - answer- subjects in an experiment to whom the independent
variable is administered
Theory - answer- a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural
world
Matter - answer- that which has mass and occupies space
Atoms - answer- the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an
element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and
electrons.
Molecules - answer- groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Elements - answer- simple substances that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances
Protons - answer- Positively charged particles
Neutrons - answer- the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Electrons - answer- negatively charged particles
Atomic nucleus - answer- An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
Rutherford's gold foil - answer- 1. atom is mostly empty space (nucleus is small) 2.
nucleus is massive 3. nucleus is positively-charged
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Atom - answer- (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element
having the chemical properties of the element
Molecule - answer- (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element
or compound
Macromolecule - answer- A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller
molecules, usually by a condensation reaction. Polysaccharides, proteins, and
nucleic acids are macromolecules.
Cell - answer- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
Tissue - answer- a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a
similar structure and function
Organ - answer- composed of two or more types of tissue
Organisms - answer- all living things
Population - answer- a group of organisms of the same species populating a given
area
Community - answer- assemblage of populations of different species
Ecosystem - answer- a system formed by the interaction of a community of
organisms with their physical environment
Biosphere - answer- the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the Earth (or other
planet) where living organisms exist
Evolutionary change - answer- The change in the genetic make-up of a population
that occurs over generations. May result from natural selection, random genetic drift,
etc.
Prokaryotes - answer- single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane-bound
nucleus
Eukaryotes - answer- organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles
Domains of life - answer- archaea & bacteria, which have prokaryotic cells, and
eukarya, composed of eukaryotic cells and divided into animals, plants, protists, &
fungi
, Bacteria - answer- single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes
Archae - answer- domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and
genetically distinct from bacteria
Eukarya - answer- Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including
protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Inquiry - answer- a systematic investigation of a matter of public interest
Discovery-based science - answer- Collection and analysis of data without the need
for a preconceived hypothesis
Hypothesis-driven science - answer- the process of scientific inquiry that uses the
steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature
Hypothesis - answer- a tentative theory about the natural world
Control group - answer- the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
Experimental group - answer- subjects in an experiment to whom the independent
variable is administered
Theory - answer- a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural
world
Matter - answer- that which has mass and occupies space
Atoms - answer- the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristics of an
element; consists of three main types of subatomic particles: protons neutrons and
electrons.
Molecules - answer- groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
Elements - answer- simple substances that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances
Protons - answer- Positively charged particles
Neutrons - answer- the particles of the nucleus that have no charge
Electrons - answer- negatively charged particles
Atomic nucleus - answer- An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
Rutherford's gold foil - answer- 1. atom is mostly empty space (nucleus is small) 2.
nucleus is massive 3. nucleus is positively-charged
