ASU BIO 201: Unit 1: Anatomy and Physiology Exam Questions and Answers

ASU BIO 201: Unit 1: Anatomy and Physiology Exam Questions and Answers Anatomy - answer- the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another Physiology - answer- the study of the function of the body's structural machinery Levels of Organization - answer- from most complex to least complex: organism - organ systems - organs - tissues - cells Organ Systems - answer- Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Endocrine, Nervous, Reproductive, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/Immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary Anatomical Variation - answer- 30% anatomically variant Characteristics of Life - answer- Development, reproduction, evolution, cellular composition, responsiveness and movement Metabolism - answer- All the chemical reactions that occur in the body (anabolic and catabolic) Homeostasis - answer- the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world Negative Feedback Loop - answer- Body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it (dynamic equilibrium) ex - vasodilation and vasoconstriction Positive Feedback - answer- Self-amplifying cycle, lead to General Orientation to Human Anatomy - answer- anatomical position, planes of section, directional terms, regions of the body, body cavities and membranes Anatomical Position - answer- Person stands erect, feet flat on floor, arms at sides, palms eyes and face facing forward, standard frame of reference for anatomical descriptions and dissection Anatomical Planes - answer- Planes are imaginary flat surfaces passing through the body, sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane Frontal Plane - answer- Coronal plane, divides body into front and back portions Sagittal Plane - answer- divides body into right and left halves (para-sagittal: divides the body into right and left portions, mid-sagittal: divides the body into equal right and left halves) Transverse Plane - answer- Horizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower portions Inferior - answer- below Superior - answer- above (toward the head) Lateral - answer- away from the midline Medial - answer- toward the midline Distal - answer- farther from the origin of a body part Proximal - answer- closer to the origin of a body part Superficial - answer- toward the body surface Ventral - answer- toward the front or belly Deep - answer- away from the body surface Dorsal - answer- toward the back or spine Anterior - answer- toward the ventral side Ipsilateral - answer- on the same side of the body Posterior - answer- toward the dorsal side Contralateral - answer- on opposite side of the body Body regions - answer- Axial and Appendicular regions Axial region - answer- head, neck (cervical region), and trunk (thoracic and abdominal) Appendicular region - answer- upper (brachial, antebrachial, carpal, manual, digits) and lower limbs (femoral, crus, tarsus, pes, and digits) Cephalic - answer- head Facial - answer- face Acromial - answer- shoulder Brachial - answer- arm