Pathophysiology Nightingale College 2024-2025 (Midterm)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gquybc
1. For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body
will include:: The kidneys to excrete H+
2. Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for
hyperkalemia?: Acute acidosis
3. While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly
are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have:: decreased
muscle mass.
4. A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located
in which of the following fluid compartments?: Intravascular fluid
5. Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hyperna-
tremia? A patient with:: Dehydration.
6. Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:: Increased blood volume.
7. A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizzi-
ness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated
pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?: Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
8. A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and
involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased
calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?: T-lymphocyte
deficiency (DiGeorge Syndrome)
9. An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the
following would the nurse expect to find in the infant's history and physical?-
: The baby is Rh positive.
10. When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes
that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.: A and B
11. In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be
matched for:: Rh antigen.
12. A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes
in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney
inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also
likely to be present?: Autoantibodies
13. A 22 year old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accom-
pany this virus?: CD4+ T-helper
14. The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital im-
mune deficiency is due to a(n):: Genetic defect.
15. A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease
is:: Serum Sickness
1/5
, Pathophysiology Nightingale College 2024-2025 (Midterm)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gquybc
16. A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy
reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy
report to describe this condition?: Tetraploidy
17. A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child's
parents are siblings. Cystic fibrosis was most likely the result of:: Consanguin-
ity.
18. A patient demonstrates severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of
part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented
in the chart?: Cri du chat syndrome
19. A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Trans-
mission of this disease is associated with:: Delayed age of onset
20. The base components of DNA are:: A, G, C & T
21. The condition in which an extra portion of a chromosome is present in
each cell is called:: Partial trisomy.
22. A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the
following would be a complementary strand?: TAGCCTAG
23. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result
of:: Decreased ATP production.
24. Confirmation of somatic death is based on:: Complete cessation of respira-
tion and circulation
25. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbal-
ances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:: Pathologic hyperplasia.
26. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
27. A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes
cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term
would the nurse use to define this process?: Necrosis
28. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as
what type of atrophy?: Physiologic
29. A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor
vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner
surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury
will the nurse be caring for?: Subdural hematoma
30. A 2 year old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney func-
tion was impaired, and the heart began to fail. Which of the following was the
most likely cause?: Coagulative necrosis
2/5
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gquybc
1. For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body
will include:: The kidneys to excrete H+
2. Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for
hyperkalemia?: Acute acidosis
3. While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly
are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have:: decreased
muscle mass.
4. A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located
in which of the following fluid compartments?: Intravascular fluid
5. Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hyperna-
tremia? A patient with:: Dehydration.
6. Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:: Increased blood volume.
7. A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports dizzi-
ness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an elevated
pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?: Respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation
8. A 5-year-old male presents with low-set ears, a fish-shaped mouth, and
involuntary rapid muscular contraction. Laboratory testing reveals decreased
calcium levels. Which of the following diagnosis is most likely?: T-lymphocyte
deficiency (DiGeorge Syndrome)
9. An infant is experiencing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which of the
following would the nurse expect to find in the infant's history and physical?-
: The baby is Rh positive.
10. When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes
that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient's body.: A and B
11. In addition to matching ABO antigens, a blood transfusion must also be
matched for:: Rh antigen.
12. A 30-year-old female complains of fatigue, arthritis, rash, and changes
in urine color. Laboratory testing reveals anemia, lymphopenia, and kidney
inflammation. Assuming a diagnosis of SLE, which of the following is also
likely to be present?: Autoantibodies
13. A 22 year old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accom-
pany this virus?: CD4+ T-helper
14. The nurse would correctly respond that the etiology of a congenital im-
mune deficiency is due to a(n):: Genetic defect.
15. A nurse recalls that an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease
is:: Serum Sickness
1/5
, Pathophysiology Nightingale College 2024-2025 (Midterm)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gquybc
16. A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy
reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy
report to describe this condition?: Tetraploidy
17. A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child's
parents are siblings. Cystic fibrosis was most likely the result of:: Consanguin-
ity.
18. A patient demonstrates severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of
part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented
in the chart?: Cri du chat syndrome
19. A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Trans-
mission of this disease is associated with:: Delayed age of onset
20. The base components of DNA are:: A, G, C & T
21. The condition in which an extra portion of a chromosome is present in
each cell is called:: Partial trisomy.
22. A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the
following would be a complementary strand?: TAGCCTAG
23. Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result
of:: Decreased ATP production.
24. Confirmation of somatic death is based on:: Complete cessation of respira-
tion and circulation
25. A 24-year-old female presents with excessive menstrual bleeding. The
physician identified endometrial changes that are due to hormonal imbal-
ances. These cellular changes would be referred to as:: Pathologic hyperplasia.
26. What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish
aging from diseases?: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
27. A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes
cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term
would the nurse use to define this process?: Necrosis
28. During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as
what type of atrophy?: Physiologic
29. A 50-year-old male sustained a closed head injury as a result of a motor
vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a collection of blood between the inner
surface of the dura mater and the surface of the brain. Which type of injury
will the nurse be caring for?: Subdural hematoma
30. A 2 year old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney func-
tion was impaired, and the heart began to fail. Which of the following was the
most likely cause?: Coagulative necrosis
2/5
