Biol 113 Questions and Answers A+
Graded (2025)
who .is .known .as .the .'father .of .genetics' .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Gregor .Mendel
Which .plants .and .characters .did .Mendel .use .in .his .work .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Pea .plants. .Flower .colour, .position, .seed .colour, .shape, .pod .shape, .colour,
.stem .length
What .is .Mendel's .first .law .of .segregation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .two .forms
.of .a .gene .present .in .each .parent .segregate .independently
In .a .monohybrid .cross .what .is .the .ratio .of .dominant .phenotype .to .recessive .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-3:1
What .diagram .is .used .to .predict .the .outcomes .of .crosses .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-punnett .square
Why .and .how .is .a .test .cross .done .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-To .determine .the
.genotype .of .a .dominant .phenotype. .Cross .the .subject .with .a .homozygous
.recessive .individual.
What .is .mendels .law .of .independent .assortment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-each
.pair .of .alleles .assorts .independently .of .each .other .pair .of .alleles .during .gamete
.formation.
in .a .dihybrid .cross .what .ratio .is .observed .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-9:3:3:1
General .formula .for .working .out .probability .of .progeny .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
deal .with .each .pair .separately .and .multiply .together
Who .discovered .Chromosomes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Walter .sutton
How .many .cells .does .meiosis .produce .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-4 .non .identical
.haploid .cells
How .does .chromosome .behaviour .in .meiosis .explain .mendels .segregation .law .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-each .allele .is .on .a .different .member .of .a .homologous .pair
.of .chromosomes .and .move .to .opposite .poles .in .anaphase .1
, How .does .chromosome .behaviour .in .meiosis .explain .mendels .law .of
.independent .assortment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-explained .by .the .random .way
.that .the .homologous .pairs .line .up .in .metaphase .1
Sources .of .genetic .variability .in .sexual .life .cycles .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
mutation, .independent .assortment, .crossing .over, .random .fertilisation
What .is .a .recombinant .phenotype .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-combination .of
.phenotypes .differ .from .that .found .in .either .of .the .parents
When .does .crossing .over .occur .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-during .the .pachytene
.phase .of .prophase .1. .begins .with .synapsis. .In .the .synaptonemal .complex,
.sections .of .the .chromosomes .can .exchange
Formula .for .recombination .frequency .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-(number .of
.recombinants/ .total .number .of .progeny) .x .100
What .is .the .recombination .frequency .for .genes .on .different .chromosomes .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-50% .due .to .independent .assortment
causes .of .deviations .from .mendelian .ratios .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-sex-linkage,
.incomplete .dominance, .co-dominance, .pleiotropy, .polygenic .inheritance,
.epistasis
Why .does .sex .linkage .occur .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .Y .chromosome .is .much
.shorter .than .the .X .chromosome .meaning .in .males .only .one .copy .of .a .gene .is
.needed .to .be .expressed
What .is .incomplete .dominance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Where .a .dominant
.alleledoes .not .completely .mask .the .effect .of .a .recessive .allele
What .is .co .dominance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-where .each .allele .affects .the
.phenotype .in .separate, .different .ways
Incomplete .dominance .vs .co-dominance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-incomplete
.dominance .shows .blending .of .traits .but .co .dominance .the .traits .appear
.together
what .is .pleiotropy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-where .a .single .gene .has .multiple
.effects .on .phenotype
What .is .polygenic .inheritance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-where .a .single .trait .is
.determined .by .multiple .genes
What .is .epistasis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-when .one .gene .masks .or .modifies .the
.expression .of .another .gene
Graded (2025)
who .is .known .as .the .'father .of .genetics' .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Gregor .Mendel
Which .plants .and .characters .did .Mendel .use .in .his .work .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Pea .plants. .Flower .colour, .position, .seed .colour, .shape, .pod .shape, .colour,
.stem .length
What .is .Mendel's .first .law .of .segregation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .two .forms
.of .a .gene .present .in .each .parent .segregate .independently
In .a .monohybrid .cross .what .is .the .ratio .of .dominant .phenotype .to .recessive .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-3:1
What .diagram .is .used .to .predict .the .outcomes .of .crosses .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-punnett .square
Why .and .how .is .a .test .cross .done .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-To .determine .the
.genotype .of .a .dominant .phenotype. .Cross .the .subject .with .a .homozygous
.recessive .individual.
What .is .mendels .law .of .independent .assortment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-each
.pair .of .alleles .assorts .independently .of .each .other .pair .of .alleles .during .gamete
.formation.
in .a .dihybrid .cross .what .ratio .is .observed .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-9:3:3:1
General .formula .for .working .out .probability .of .progeny .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
deal .with .each .pair .separately .and .multiply .together
Who .discovered .Chromosomes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Walter .sutton
How .many .cells .does .meiosis .produce .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-4 .non .identical
.haploid .cells
How .does .chromosome .behaviour .in .meiosis .explain .mendels .segregation .law .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-each .allele .is .on .a .different .member .of .a .homologous .pair
.of .chromosomes .and .move .to .opposite .poles .in .anaphase .1
, How .does .chromosome .behaviour .in .meiosis .explain .mendels .law .of
.independent .assortment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-explained .by .the .random .way
.that .the .homologous .pairs .line .up .in .metaphase .1
Sources .of .genetic .variability .in .sexual .life .cycles .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
mutation, .independent .assortment, .crossing .over, .random .fertilisation
What .is .a .recombinant .phenotype .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-combination .of
.phenotypes .differ .from .that .found .in .either .of .the .parents
When .does .crossing .over .occur .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-during .the .pachytene
.phase .of .prophase .1. .begins .with .synapsis. .In .the .synaptonemal .complex,
.sections .of .the .chromosomes .can .exchange
Formula .for .recombination .frequency .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-(number .of
.recombinants/ .total .number .of .progeny) .x .100
What .is .the .recombination .frequency .for .genes .on .different .chromosomes .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-50% .due .to .independent .assortment
causes .of .deviations .from .mendelian .ratios .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-sex-linkage,
.incomplete .dominance, .co-dominance, .pleiotropy, .polygenic .inheritance,
.epistasis
Why .does .sex .linkage .occur .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .Y .chromosome .is .much
.shorter .than .the .X .chromosome .meaning .in .males .only .one .copy .of .a .gene .is
.needed .to .be .expressed
What .is .incomplete .dominance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Where .a .dominant
.alleledoes .not .completely .mask .the .effect .of .a .recessive .allele
What .is .co .dominance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-where .each .allele .affects .the
.phenotype .in .separate, .different .ways
Incomplete .dominance .vs .co-dominance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-incomplete
.dominance .shows .blending .of .traits .but .co .dominance .the .traits .appear
.together
what .is .pleiotropy .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-where .a .single .gene .has .multiple
.effects .on .phenotype
What .is .polygenic .inheritance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-where .a .single .trait .is
.determined .by .multiple .genes
What .is .epistasis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-when .one .gene .masks .or .modifies .the
.expression .of .another .gene
