Research and EBP Nursing Exam #2
Questions and All Correct Answers.
Purpose of a review of the literature - Answer - integrate research evidence to sum up what is
known and not known
- communicate state of evidence to others
- lay foundation for new studies
- help researchers interpret their findings
primary sources - Answer the actual research reports written by researchers who conducted
the study
- first hand accounts
secondary sources - Answer summaries of studies by others
- less reliable
experimental designs - Answer randomized control trial
- manipulate variables
- offer strongest evidence for cause and effect
quasi-experimental design - Answer non-randomized controlled study
non-experimental research design - Answer observational study
- no manipulation of variables
within-subjects design - Answer same people are compared at different times or under
different conditions
between-subjects design - Answer Different people are compared (e.g., men and women)
Key Features of Quantitative Research Design - Answer - Interventions
- Comparisons
, - Relative Timing
- Location
confounding variables - Answer factors that cause differences between the experimental
group and the control group other than the independent variable
- something that affects the outcome of the study that is not a control or intervention
how to control confounding variables - Answer randomization, crossover, homogeneity,
matching, statistical control
masking/ blinding - Answer From whom will critical information be withheld to avert bias?
time frames - Answer -How often will data be collected?
-When, relative to other events, will data be collected?
- cross sectional, longitudinal design
relative timing - Answer - When will information on independent and dependent variables be
collected
- looking forward or backward in time?
- retrospective (case control), prospective (cohort)
location - Answer - where will the study take place?
- setting choice; single site versus multiple
causality - Answer the relationship between cause and effect
- research questions that seek to illuminate casual relationships to be addressed with
appropriate designs
counterfactual - Answer is what would have happened to the same people exposed to a
"cause" if they simultaneously were not exposed to the cause.
criteria for causality - Answer - temporal: The cause must precede the effect in time.
- relationship: There must be a demonstrated association between the cause and the effect.
Questions and All Correct Answers.
Purpose of a review of the literature - Answer - integrate research evidence to sum up what is
known and not known
- communicate state of evidence to others
- lay foundation for new studies
- help researchers interpret their findings
primary sources - Answer the actual research reports written by researchers who conducted
the study
- first hand accounts
secondary sources - Answer summaries of studies by others
- less reliable
experimental designs - Answer randomized control trial
- manipulate variables
- offer strongest evidence for cause and effect
quasi-experimental design - Answer non-randomized controlled study
non-experimental research design - Answer observational study
- no manipulation of variables
within-subjects design - Answer same people are compared at different times or under
different conditions
between-subjects design - Answer Different people are compared (e.g., men and women)
Key Features of Quantitative Research Design - Answer - Interventions
- Comparisons
, - Relative Timing
- Location
confounding variables - Answer factors that cause differences between the experimental
group and the control group other than the independent variable
- something that affects the outcome of the study that is not a control or intervention
how to control confounding variables - Answer randomization, crossover, homogeneity,
matching, statistical control
masking/ blinding - Answer From whom will critical information be withheld to avert bias?
time frames - Answer -How often will data be collected?
-When, relative to other events, will data be collected?
- cross sectional, longitudinal design
relative timing - Answer - When will information on independent and dependent variables be
collected
- looking forward or backward in time?
- retrospective (case control), prospective (cohort)
location - Answer - where will the study take place?
- setting choice; single site versus multiple
causality - Answer the relationship between cause and effect
- research questions that seek to illuminate casual relationships to be addressed with
appropriate designs
counterfactual - Answer is what would have happened to the same people exposed to a
"cause" if they simultaneously were not exposed to the cause.
criteria for causality - Answer - temporal: The cause must precede the effect in time.
- relationship: There must be a demonstrated association between the cause and the effect.
