NURS 5334 UTA Advanced
Pharmacology Questions and Answers
A+ Graded (2025)
How .do .drugs .lower .IOP? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Facilitate .aqueous .humor
.outflow
Reduce .aqueous .humor .production
First-line .dx .therapy .for .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Beta-adrenergic
.blocking .agents .
Alpha2-adrenergic .agonists
Prostaglandin .analogs
Second-line .dx .therapy .for .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Cholinergic
.agonists
How .do .Beta .blocking .drugs .work .in .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Reduce
.IOP .by .reducing .production .of .AH
How .do .Alpha .agonists .work .in .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Reduce .IOP .by
.reducing .production .of .AH .and .increasing .outflow
How .do .Prostaglandins .work .in .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Reduce .IOP .by
.increasing .AH .outflow
Beta .blocker .drugs .for .glaucoma .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Betaxolol
Carteolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used .for .open-angle .glaucoma
Cardioselective .beta .blockers .for .asthma .patients? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Betaxolol
,Levobetaxolol
What .are .the .prostaglandin .drugs? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
2 .approved .alpha2-adrenergic .agonist .drugs .for .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Apraclonidine: .for .short-term .therapy
Brimonidine: .First .line .dx .for .long-term .tx
How .does .Pilocarpine .work? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Direct .acting .cholinergic
.agonist .that .causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction .of .the .ciliary .muscle
Pilocarpine .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Second-line .dx .for .open-angle
.glaucoma
Emergency .tx .of .acute .angle-closure .glaucoma
How .does .Echothiophate .work? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Miosis
Focus .lens .for .near .vision
Reduction .of .IOP
*inhibits .breakdown .of .ACh
How .does .Carbonic .Anhydrase .Inhibitors .(CAIs) .work? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
reduces .IOP .by .decreasing .production .of .AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
Cycloplegics .do .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Paralyze .ciliary .muscles
Mydriatics .do .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Dilate .the .pupil
Cycloplegics .and .Mydriatics .uses .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Adjunct .to .measurement
.of .refraction
Intraocular .examination
Intraocular .surgery
Tx .of .anterior .uveitis
Mast-cell .stabilizers .MOA .(for .allergic .conjunctivitis) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Prevent .release .of .inflammatory .mediators
NSAIDs: .Ketorolac .(Toradol) .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Treatment .of
.allergic .conjunctivitis
,Ocular .Decongestants .MOA .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Decrease .redness .& .edema .by
.activating .alpha1-adrenergic .receptors .on .blood .vessels> .causing
.vasoconstriction .(not .for .long .term .use)
Eye .drops .and .allergic .conjunctivitis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Don't .take .eye .drops
.for .long .term .treatment
Prolonged .use .of .Glucocorticoids .in .allergic .conjunctivitis? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Serious .adverse .effects:
cataracts
eye .infection
elevation .of .IOP
Ocular .Decongestants .drugs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Naphazoline
Phenylephrine
Wet .vs .dry .macular .degeneration .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Dry= .Drusen .(yellow
.deposits .under .retina)
Wet= .Growth .of .new .subretinal .blood .vessels .(fragile .& .leaky); .fluid .leakage .lifts
.macula .from .its .normal .place
Treatment .of .wet .macular .degeneration .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Laser .therapy
Photodynamic .therapy .(PDT):
-Verteporfin
Angiogenesis .inhibitors:
-Pegaptanib
-Ranibizumab
-Aflibercept
-Bevacizumab
Treatment .of .dry .macular .degeneration .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-High .doses .of
.antioxidants .and .zinc
Acute .otitis .media .(AOM): .what .are .3 .most .common .causative .bacteria? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Strep .pneumo
H .Flu
M .catarrhalis
AOM .prevention .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Breastfeeding .at .least .6 .mo
Avoid .child .care .centers .when .resp. .infection .prevalent
Avoid .supine .bottles
Avoid .pacifier .after .6 .mo
Eliminate .tobacco .exposure
Vaccinate .for .Flu .and .Strep. .pneumo
AOM .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-High .dose .amoxicillin
High-dose .amoxicillin-clavulanate .(if .antibx .resistant)
, Otitis .media .with .effusion .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Antibiotics .have
.minimal .effect-don't .use
Otitis .externa: .Most .causative .organisms? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Pseudomonas
.Aeruginosa
Staphylococcus .aureus
Otitis .externa .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-inflammation .of .the .outer .ear
Acetic .acid .drops .
ABX: .cipro
ABX: .Fluoroquinolones .(^18 .yrs .old)
Fungal .Otitis .Externa .(Otomycosis) .pathogens: .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Aspergillus
Candida
Fungal .Otitis .externa .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Acidifying .drops
1% .Clotrimazole .(if .drops .not .effective)
Itraconazole .(if .oral .needed)
Fluconazole .(if .oral .needed)
What .does .activation .of .H1 .receptors .cause .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-vasodilation
increased .capillary .permeability
pain
itching .
secretion .of .mucus .bronchoconstriction
CNS .effects.
What .are .the .actions .of .H2 .receptors? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Regulates .secretion
.of .gastric .acid
Histamine .act .directly .on .parietal .cells .to .promote .acid .release
H1 .antagonists .are .used .for .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Used .for .tx .of .mild
.allergic .disorders
H2 .antagonists .are .used .for .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Used .for .tx .of .gastric
.and .duodenal .ulcers
Bronchitis .symptoms .and .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-99% .of .time .is .viral
S/S .of .cough
May .last .long .time .about .3 .mos.
DON'T .need .antibiotics .(viral); .it'll .go .away
May .give .cough .syrup .+ .codeine .or .tesslon .perrles
H1 .antagonists .1st .generation .(sedating) .therapeutic .use? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Mild .allergy
Severe .allergy
Motion .sickness .(Promethazine, .Dimenhydrinate) .
Pharmacology Questions and Answers
A+ Graded (2025)
How .do .drugs .lower .IOP? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Facilitate .aqueous .humor
.outflow
Reduce .aqueous .humor .production
First-line .dx .therapy .for .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Beta-adrenergic
.blocking .agents .
Alpha2-adrenergic .agonists
Prostaglandin .analogs
Second-line .dx .therapy .for .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Cholinergic
.agonists
How .do .Beta .blocking .drugs .work .in .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Reduce
.IOP .by .reducing .production .of .AH
How .do .Alpha .agonists .work .in .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Reduce .IOP .by
.reducing .production .of .AH .and .increasing .outflow
How .do .Prostaglandins .work .in .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Reduce .IOP .by
.increasing .AH .outflow
Beta .blocker .drugs .for .glaucoma .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Betaxolol
Carteolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used .for .open-angle .glaucoma
Cardioselective .beta .blockers .for .asthma .patients? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Betaxolol
,Levobetaxolol
What .are .the .prostaglandin .drugs? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
2 .approved .alpha2-adrenergic .agonist .drugs .for .glaucoma? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Apraclonidine: .for .short-term .therapy
Brimonidine: .First .line .dx .for .long-term .tx
How .does .Pilocarpine .work? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Direct .acting .cholinergic
.agonist .that .causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction .of .the .ciliary .muscle
Pilocarpine .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Second-line .dx .for .open-angle
.glaucoma
Emergency .tx .of .acute .angle-closure .glaucoma
How .does .Echothiophate .work? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Miosis
Focus .lens .for .near .vision
Reduction .of .IOP
*inhibits .breakdown .of .ACh
How .does .Carbonic .Anhydrase .Inhibitors .(CAIs) .work? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
reduces .IOP .by .decreasing .production .of .AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
Cycloplegics .do .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Paralyze .ciliary .muscles
Mydriatics .do .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Dilate .the .pupil
Cycloplegics .and .Mydriatics .uses .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Adjunct .to .measurement
.of .refraction
Intraocular .examination
Intraocular .surgery
Tx .of .anterior .uveitis
Mast-cell .stabilizers .MOA .(for .allergic .conjunctivitis) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Prevent .release .of .inflammatory .mediators
NSAIDs: .Ketorolac .(Toradol) .used .for? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Treatment .of
.allergic .conjunctivitis
,Ocular .Decongestants .MOA .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Decrease .redness .& .edema .by
.activating .alpha1-adrenergic .receptors .on .blood .vessels> .causing
.vasoconstriction .(not .for .long .term .use)
Eye .drops .and .allergic .conjunctivitis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Don't .take .eye .drops
.for .long .term .treatment
Prolonged .use .of .Glucocorticoids .in .allergic .conjunctivitis? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Serious .adverse .effects:
cataracts
eye .infection
elevation .of .IOP
Ocular .Decongestants .drugs .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Naphazoline
Phenylephrine
Wet .vs .dry .macular .degeneration .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Dry= .Drusen .(yellow
.deposits .under .retina)
Wet= .Growth .of .new .subretinal .blood .vessels .(fragile .& .leaky); .fluid .leakage .lifts
.macula .from .its .normal .place
Treatment .of .wet .macular .degeneration .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Laser .therapy
Photodynamic .therapy .(PDT):
-Verteporfin
Angiogenesis .inhibitors:
-Pegaptanib
-Ranibizumab
-Aflibercept
-Bevacizumab
Treatment .of .dry .macular .degeneration .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-High .doses .of
.antioxidants .and .zinc
Acute .otitis .media .(AOM): .what .are .3 .most .common .causative .bacteria? .-
.CORRECT .ANSWER-Strep .pneumo
H .Flu
M .catarrhalis
AOM .prevention .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Breastfeeding .at .least .6 .mo
Avoid .child .care .centers .when .resp. .infection .prevalent
Avoid .supine .bottles
Avoid .pacifier .after .6 .mo
Eliminate .tobacco .exposure
Vaccinate .for .Flu .and .Strep. .pneumo
AOM .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-High .dose .amoxicillin
High-dose .amoxicillin-clavulanate .(if .antibx .resistant)
, Otitis .media .with .effusion .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Antibiotics .have
.minimal .effect-don't .use
Otitis .externa: .Most .causative .organisms? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Pseudomonas
.Aeruginosa
Staphylococcus .aureus
Otitis .externa .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-inflammation .of .the .outer .ear
Acetic .acid .drops .
ABX: .cipro
ABX: .Fluoroquinolones .(^18 .yrs .old)
Fungal .Otitis .Externa .(Otomycosis) .pathogens: .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Aspergillus
Candida
Fungal .Otitis .externa .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Acidifying .drops
1% .Clotrimazole .(if .drops .not .effective)
Itraconazole .(if .oral .needed)
Fluconazole .(if .oral .needed)
What .does .activation .of .H1 .receptors .cause .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-vasodilation
increased .capillary .permeability
pain
itching .
secretion .of .mucus .bronchoconstriction
CNS .effects.
What .are .the .actions .of .H2 .receptors? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Regulates .secretion
.of .gastric .acid
Histamine .act .directly .on .parietal .cells .to .promote .acid .release
H1 .antagonists .are .used .for .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Used .for .tx .of .mild
.allergic .disorders
H2 .antagonists .are .used .for .what? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Used .for .tx .of .gastric
.and .duodenal .ulcers
Bronchitis .symptoms .and .treatment .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-99% .of .time .is .viral
S/S .of .cough
May .last .long .time .about .3 .mos.
DON'T .need .antibiotics .(viral); .it'll .go .away
May .give .cough .syrup .+ .codeine .or .tesslon .perrles
H1 .antagonists .1st .generation .(sedating) .therapeutic .use? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Mild .allergy
Severe .allergy
Motion .sickness .(Promethazine, .Dimenhydrinate) .
