Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam Review- Semester 1

define anatomy - ANS the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another. define physiology - ANS the study of how the body and its parts work or function. Beginning with the smallest, what are the levels of structural organization of the human body - ANS 1. chemicals (atoms or molecules) 2. cells 3. tissues 4. organs 5. organ systems 6. organisms define hemtopoesis - ANS the process of creating new blood cells in the body. The building block of all matter is ______________. - ANS atom What system transports oxygen and nutrients; contains blood vessels - ANS cardiovascular system What system is the production of offspring; contains uterus or testis - ANS reproductive system What system breaks down food; contains the esophagus - ANS digestive system What system picks up fluid from blood vessels; contains lymph nodes - ANS lymphatic system What system eliminates nitrogenous wastes; contains ureter - ANS urinary system What system supplies blood with oxygen and eliminates CO2; contains the lungs - ANS respiratory system What system protects the entire body; contains sweat and oil glands - ANS integumentary system What system secretes hormones; contains the pituitary gland - ANS endocrine system What system responds to internal/external stimuli; contains the brain - ANS nervous system What system protects/supports the body; contains joints and cartilage - ANS skeletal system What system allows movement; contains skeletal muscles - ANS muscular system What are the 6 major life functions of living organisms? - ANS 1. responsiveness/irritability 2. digestion 3. metabolism 4. excretion 5. reproduction 6. growth What are the 5 survival needs of living organisms? - ANS 1. nutrients 2. oxygen 3. water 4. normal body temperature 5. atmospheric define homeostasis - ANS the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition, even though the outside environment is changing define negative feedbacks - ANS most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback define positive feedbacks - ANS increases the original disturbance to push the variance farther than its original value. give examples of negative feedbacks - ANS -body temperature regulation (sweating) -heart rate -blood pressure -breathing rate -blood levels of glucose, oxygen, CO2, and minerals give examples of positive feedbacks - ANS -blood clotting -contractions for child birth describe the anatomical position - ANS the body is erect with feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing up directional terms - ANS explains exactly where one body structure is in relation to another. superior - ANS head; above inferior - ANS away from the head; below ventral - ANS front dorsal - ANS back medial - ANS toward or at the midline lateral - ANS away from the midline intermediate - ANS between a more medial and more lateral structure proxiaml - ANS close to the origin of the body part/attachment of limb distal - ANS farther from the origin of the body part/ attachment of limb superficial - ANS toward/ at the body surface deep - ANS away from the body/more internal prone - ANS laying face down supine - ANS laying face up abdominal - ANS anterior body trunk inferior to the ribs acromial - ANS point of shoulder antebrachial - ANS forearm