HISTORY OF MEXICO EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Casta Paintings - answer-casta=the mixed race people
Casta paintings (created as sets of consecutive images) portray detailed racial
classifications resulting from intermixing among the main groups that inhabited the
colonies of the Spanish Empire: Indians, Spaniards, and Africans. The first-order
classifications are "mestizo" (offspring of European and Indian), "mulatto" (offspring
of European and Black), and "zambo" (offspring of Black and Indian), but there can
be many further sub-classifications and racial niches.
Creoles - answer-In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of
European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is
used to describe all nonnative peoples.
La Malinche - answer-was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who
played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, lover,
and intermediary for Hernán Cortés.
- Aztec legend
Encomienda system - answer-a legal system that was employed mainly by the
Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native
American labor and autonomy. **Gold was not being found in mexico and the
population was dropping. So the Spanish set up encomiendas. Conquistadors would
be given laborers. He was required to care for them: provide food and shelter and
necessities. The spanish would also have to provide for the christian faith. This
caused population to decline further and this died out after only a few generations.
Considered abusive and unethical.
Codices - answer-books written by pre-Columbian and colonial-era Aztecs. provides
the best primary source for Aztec culture. Largely pictorial
Plan of Iguala - answer-Peace treaty in the final stage of the Mexican War on
Independence. included three promises (written by Iturbide): 1) Iturbide was to be
emperor, 2) the Roman Catholic Church would remain official church of mexico, 3)
Equal rights for all mexicans
Bourbon Reforms - answer-a set of economic and political legislation introduced by
the Spanish Crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon throughout the 18th
century. The reforms were intended to stimulate manufacturing and technology in
order to modernize Spain. In Spanish America the reforms were designed to make
the administration more efficient and to promote its economic, commercial, and fiscal
development. The crown did this in hopes that it would have a positive effect on the
economy of Spain. Furthermore, the Bourbon Reforms were intended to limit the
power of Creoles and re-establish Spanish primacy over their colonies.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Casta Paintings - answer-casta=the mixed race people
Casta paintings (created as sets of consecutive images) portray detailed racial
classifications resulting from intermixing among the main groups that inhabited the
colonies of the Spanish Empire: Indians, Spaniards, and Africans. The first-order
classifications are "mestizo" (offspring of European and Indian), "mulatto" (offspring
of European and Black), and "zambo" (offspring of Black and Indian), but there can
be many further sub-classifications and racial niches.
Creoles - answer-In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of
European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is
used to describe all nonnative peoples.
La Malinche - answer-was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who
played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, lover,
and intermediary for Hernán Cortés.
- Aztec legend
Encomienda system - answer-a legal system that was employed mainly by the
Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native
American labor and autonomy. **Gold was not being found in mexico and the
population was dropping. So the Spanish set up encomiendas. Conquistadors would
be given laborers. He was required to care for them: provide food and shelter and
necessities. The spanish would also have to provide for the christian faith. This
caused population to decline further and this died out after only a few generations.
Considered abusive and unethical.
Codices - answer-books written by pre-Columbian and colonial-era Aztecs. provides
the best primary source for Aztec culture. Largely pictorial
Plan of Iguala - answer-Peace treaty in the final stage of the Mexican War on
Independence. included three promises (written by Iturbide): 1) Iturbide was to be
emperor, 2) the Roman Catholic Church would remain official church of mexico, 3)
Equal rights for all mexicans
Bourbon Reforms - answer-a set of economic and political legislation introduced by
the Spanish Crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon throughout the 18th
century. The reforms were intended to stimulate manufacturing and technology in
order to modernize Spain. In Spanish America the reforms were designed to make
the administration more efficient and to promote its economic, commercial, and fiscal
development. The crown did this in hopes that it would have a positive effect on the
economy of Spain. Furthermore, the Bourbon Reforms were intended to limit the
power of Creoles and re-establish Spanish primacy over their colonies.
