HISTORY OF MEXICO FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Maquiladoras - ANSWER-1965 Border Industrialization Program
Maquiladoras
-consequence of the Bracero program
-Mexico said that anything 12.5 miles south of the border in this tiny zone, big
companies could come in from all over the world free of charge, and would allow the
building of factories that cost companies less money
-Maquiladoras were essentially assembly lines for factories
-Men coming home from the Bracero program would have more jobs, but this was
not the case
-Most of the workers were women as companies could be pay them less
Bracero Program - ANSWER-Emergency Farm Labor Program—
Bracero Program, 1942-1964
4.5 million Mexican men provided their labor during WWII and after (until 1964) as a
result of the Bracero Program.
-certain companies in the U.S. acted as sub-contractors
-first granted labor contract in the U.S.
-paid minimum wage
-people who hired them were required to feed them a certain amount each day and
provide shelter but this was often not the case
-workers were treated poorly and lived in awful conditions
Braceros as seasonal
laborers
"Operation Wetback," 1954
-by the 1950's the U.S. soldiers returned home and people wanted their jobs back
- Weren't enough jobs through the Bracero program anymore
-People were put on cargo ships and taken to Vera Cruz
- Many died of heat stroke in the cargo ships
- Used over 800 border patrol and federal agents
- Trains, boats, air craft
- Ended the bracero program
Plan of Ayala - ANSWER-The Plan of Ayala (Spanish: Plan de Ayala) was a
document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican
Revolution.[1] In it, Zapata denounced President Francisco I. Madero for his
perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals, embodied in Madero's Plan de San
Luis Potosí, and set out his vision of land reform. The Plan was first proclaimed on
November 25, 1911 in the town of Ayala.
The main points in the Plan were:
Rejection of Madero's presidency and a call for free elections once the situation in
the country had stabilized;
Naming of Pascual Orozco as the legitimate leader of the Revolution;
Devolution of land and property to townships and citizens, as opposed to being
owned by large hacendados;
, Confirmation of the agrarian nature of the Revolution.
Ferdinand Maximilian - ANSWER-The French Occupation, 1863-1867
Cinco de Mayo
Puebla
-Conservatives worked out a behind the scenes deal with the french and invited
them in to occupy Mexico
-France claimed that Mexico owed them money and was unable to pay back their
debts
-French believed that occupation would pay back the debts
-U.S. could not stop the french occupation because of the Civil War
-Cinco de Mayo represents the defeat of the French at Pueblo (only for a few days)
Ferdinand Maximilian of Hapsburg Carlotta
-Came to Mexico through Veracruz
-People were not happy with them being there
Maximilian's Death
-Carlotta was locked away after grasping the knees of the pope
-Maximillian was left in Mexico with lack of support
Caudillo - ANSWER-Local governmental leaders of Porfirio Diaz. Helped keep him in
power because of close network relationships, along with the policing of the rurales.
Would set up local governments in which he could pay off the caudillos to do his
bidding regionally.
Alvaro Obregón - ANSWER-General in The Mexican Revolution under Carranza.
Became Mexican President from 1920 to 1924. Responsible for imprisoning
Carranza and then shooting him. Also responsible for the murder of Pancho Villa.
Was able to bring the military under his control by buying them out and absorbing
them into the government.Obregon was able to get the U.S to recognize Mexico.
Decided to run for president again even though Calles implemented a rule that you
can't run again if you had a term off. Ends up winning the election again but was
assassinated by a leftover from the Cristero rebellion.
-Was able to keep power for 4 years without letting the country fall apart
-some stability was created
-Not incredible amounts of advancements but the nation remained in tact and did not
resort back to revolution
Francisco Madero - ANSWER-Served as the Mexican president from 1911-1913
until he was assassinated. Challenged the presidency of Porfirio Diaz as the leader
of the Re-election party. One of the main sparks of the Mexican Revolution. Creator
of Plan of San Luis Potosí. His arrest and assassination paved the way for the
Huerta Dictatorship.
Benito Juárez - ANSWER-Leader of the Liberals in 19th century Mexico. Elected
president of Mexico in 1861and was originally a zapotec. Paved the way for the
liberal reform laws that were meant to punish conservatives and led to an internal
civil war. Looked to shut down all powers of the church, and in power during the
French Revolution. Leader of the beginning of The Restored Republic.
1. Uneasy peace with Conservatives
2. Liberals reduced pressure on the church
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Maquiladoras - ANSWER-1965 Border Industrialization Program
Maquiladoras
-consequence of the Bracero program
-Mexico said that anything 12.5 miles south of the border in this tiny zone, big
companies could come in from all over the world free of charge, and would allow the
building of factories that cost companies less money
-Maquiladoras were essentially assembly lines for factories
-Men coming home from the Bracero program would have more jobs, but this was
not the case
-Most of the workers were women as companies could be pay them less
Bracero Program - ANSWER-Emergency Farm Labor Program—
Bracero Program, 1942-1964
4.5 million Mexican men provided their labor during WWII and after (until 1964) as a
result of the Bracero Program.
-certain companies in the U.S. acted as sub-contractors
-first granted labor contract in the U.S.
-paid minimum wage
-people who hired them were required to feed them a certain amount each day and
provide shelter but this was often not the case
-workers were treated poorly and lived in awful conditions
Braceros as seasonal
laborers
"Operation Wetback," 1954
-by the 1950's the U.S. soldiers returned home and people wanted their jobs back
- Weren't enough jobs through the Bracero program anymore
-People were put on cargo ships and taken to Vera Cruz
- Many died of heat stroke in the cargo ships
- Used over 800 border patrol and federal agents
- Trains, boats, air craft
- Ended the bracero program
Plan of Ayala - ANSWER-The Plan of Ayala (Spanish: Plan de Ayala) was a
document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican
Revolution.[1] In it, Zapata denounced President Francisco I. Madero for his
perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals, embodied in Madero's Plan de San
Luis Potosí, and set out his vision of land reform. The Plan was first proclaimed on
November 25, 1911 in the town of Ayala.
The main points in the Plan were:
Rejection of Madero's presidency and a call for free elections once the situation in
the country had stabilized;
Naming of Pascual Orozco as the legitimate leader of the Revolution;
Devolution of land and property to townships and citizens, as opposed to being
owned by large hacendados;
, Confirmation of the agrarian nature of the Revolution.
Ferdinand Maximilian - ANSWER-The French Occupation, 1863-1867
Cinco de Mayo
Puebla
-Conservatives worked out a behind the scenes deal with the french and invited
them in to occupy Mexico
-France claimed that Mexico owed them money and was unable to pay back their
debts
-French believed that occupation would pay back the debts
-U.S. could not stop the french occupation because of the Civil War
-Cinco de Mayo represents the defeat of the French at Pueblo (only for a few days)
Ferdinand Maximilian of Hapsburg Carlotta
-Came to Mexico through Veracruz
-People were not happy with them being there
Maximilian's Death
-Carlotta was locked away after grasping the knees of the pope
-Maximillian was left in Mexico with lack of support
Caudillo - ANSWER-Local governmental leaders of Porfirio Diaz. Helped keep him in
power because of close network relationships, along with the policing of the rurales.
Would set up local governments in which he could pay off the caudillos to do his
bidding regionally.
Alvaro Obregón - ANSWER-General in The Mexican Revolution under Carranza.
Became Mexican President from 1920 to 1924. Responsible for imprisoning
Carranza and then shooting him. Also responsible for the murder of Pancho Villa.
Was able to bring the military under his control by buying them out and absorbing
them into the government.Obregon was able to get the U.S to recognize Mexico.
Decided to run for president again even though Calles implemented a rule that you
can't run again if you had a term off. Ends up winning the election again but was
assassinated by a leftover from the Cristero rebellion.
-Was able to keep power for 4 years without letting the country fall apart
-some stability was created
-Not incredible amounts of advancements but the nation remained in tact and did not
resort back to revolution
Francisco Madero - ANSWER-Served as the Mexican president from 1911-1913
until he was assassinated. Challenged the presidency of Porfirio Diaz as the leader
of the Re-election party. One of the main sparks of the Mexican Revolution. Creator
of Plan of San Luis Potosí. His arrest and assassination paved the way for the
Huerta Dictatorship.
Benito Juárez - ANSWER-Leader of the Liberals in 19th century Mexico. Elected
president of Mexico in 1861and was originally a zapotec. Paved the way for the
liberal reform laws that were meant to punish conservatives and led to an internal
civil war. Looked to shut down all powers of the church, and in power during the
French Revolution. Leader of the beginning of The Restored Republic.
1. Uneasy peace with Conservatives
2. Liberals reduced pressure on the church
