BCH4024 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
what are the 3 types of cytoskeleton? - Answer-actin filaments, microtubules,
intermediate filaments
describe actin filaments - Answer-6 nm wide, made from G-actin
describe microtubules - Answer-23 nm wide, made from tubulin
describe intermediate filaments - Answer-10 nm wide, made from alpha keratin
T or F: cytoskeleton filaments are composed of protein monomers bound covalently to
form a long polymer - Answer-F: they are bound noncovalently
what are the three monomeric units of cellular structures? - Answer-nucleotides, amino
acids, sugars
rank the following elements by decreasing mass % in human cells:
Mg, Se, I, Fe, P, Ca, N, Cl, H, C, S, Na, K, O, Co, Cu, Zn, F, - Answer-
O>C>H>N>Ca>P>K=S=Cl> Na>Mg>Fe> Co=Cu=Zn=I> Se=F
rank the following by decreasing mass % in human cells:
DNA, Lipid, Protein, water, RNA - Answer-water > protein > lipid > RNA > DNA
the lower limit of cell size is determined by what? - Answer-the size of required
biomolecules
the upper limit of cell size is determined by what? - Answer-the rate of solute molecular
diffusion in an aqueous environment
what are the four major classes of biological macromolecules? - Answer-Nucleic acids,
proteins, lipids, polysaccharides
bacterial surfaces are comprised mainly of which one of the four major classes of
biological macromolecules? - Answer-polysaccharides
Define Gibbs Free Energy - Answer-amount of energy in a rxn at constant T and P
, define enthalpy - Answer-heat of a rxn reflecting the number and kind of chem bonds in
reactants and products
define entropy - Answer-quantitative expression of randomness or disorder in a system
define anabolism - Answer-set of metabolic pathways, requiring energy, that construct
molecules from smaller units
define catabolism - Answer-set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into
smaller units and release energy (ATP to ADP plus Pi)
define aliphatic - Answer-nonpolar and hydrophobic
what are the aliphatic amino acids? - Answer-Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine,
isoleucine, proline, methionine
mnemonic: Gladiators Always Valiantly Look-Ing Proud... Mostly
what are the aromatic, hydrophobic amino acids? - Answer-Tryptophan, Tyrosine,
phenylalanine
what are the basic amino acids? (positively charged) - Answer-Histidine, Lysine,
Arginine
what are the acidic (negative) amino acids? - Answer-glutamate, aspartate
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for cytochrome oxidase? - Answer-Cu2+, Fe2+, or
Fe3+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for catalase? - Answer-Fe2+ or Fe 3+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for peroxidase? - Answer-Fe2+ or Fe3+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for Pyruvate kinase? - Answer-K+, Mg2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for hexokinase? - Answer-Mg2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for glucose 6-phosphatase? - Answer-Mg2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for Arginase? - Answer-Mn2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for ribonucleotide reductase? - Answer-Mn2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for denitrogenase? - Answer-Mo
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for urease? - Answer-Ni2+
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS
what are the 3 types of cytoskeleton? - Answer-actin filaments, microtubules,
intermediate filaments
describe actin filaments - Answer-6 nm wide, made from G-actin
describe microtubules - Answer-23 nm wide, made from tubulin
describe intermediate filaments - Answer-10 nm wide, made from alpha keratin
T or F: cytoskeleton filaments are composed of protein monomers bound covalently to
form a long polymer - Answer-F: they are bound noncovalently
what are the three monomeric units of cellular structures? - Answer-nucleotides, amino
acids, sugars
rank the following elements by decreasing mass % in human cells:
Mg, Se, I, Fe, P, Ca, N, Cl, H, C, S, Na, K, O, Co, Cu, Zn, F, - Answer-
O>C>H>N>Ca>P>K=S=Cl> Na>Mg>Fe> Co=Cu=Zn=I> Se=F
rank the following by decreasing mass % in human cells:
DNA, Lipid, Protein, water, RNA - Answer-water > protein > lipid > RNA > DNA
the lower limit of cell size is determined by what? - Answer-the size of required
biomolecules
the upper limit of cell size is determined by what? - Answer-the rate of solute molecular
diffusion in an aqueous environment
what are the four major classes of biological macromolecules? - Answer-Nucleic acids,
proteins, lipids, polysaccharides
bacterial surfaces are comprised mainly of which one of the four major classes of
biological macromolecules? - Answer-polysaccharides
Define Gibbs Free Energy - Answer-amount of energy in a rxn at constant T and P
, define enthalpy - Answer-heat of a rxn reflecting the number and kind of chem bonds in
reactants and products
define entropy - Answer-quantitative expression of randomness or disorder in a system
define anabolism - Answer-set of metabolic pathways, requiring energy, that construct
molecules from smaller units
define catabolism - Answer-set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into
smaller units and release energy (ATP to ADP plus Pi)
define aliphatic - Answer-nonpolar and hydrophobic
what are the aliphatic amino acids? - Answer-Glycine, alanine, valine, leucine,
isoleucine, proline, methionine
mnemonic: Gladiators Always Valiantly Look-Ing Proud... Mostly
what are the aromatic, hydrophobic amino acids? - Answer-Tryptophan, Tyrosine,
phenylalanine
what are the basic amino acids? (positively charged) - Answer-Histidine, Lysine,
Arginine
what are the acidic (negative) amino acids? - Answer-glutamate, aspartate
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for cytochrome oxidase? - Answer-Cu2+, Fe2+, or
Fe3+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for catalase? - Answer-Fe2+ or Fe 3+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for peroxidase? - Answer-Fe2+ or Fe3+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for Pyruvate kinase? - Answer-K+, Mg2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for hexokinase? - Answer-Mg2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for glucose 6-phosphatase? - Answer-Mg2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for Arginase? - Answer-Mn2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for ribonucleotide reductase? - Answer-Mn2+
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for denitrogenase? - Answer-Mo
what metal ion serves as a cofactor for urease? - Answer-Ni2+
