HESI - Anatomy & Physiology practice test Questions And Answers

What are the four fundamental tissues ? - ANS Epithelial,connective,muscle,nervous Epithelial Tissue ? - ANS Cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs. Connective tissue ? - ANS Is the framework of the body which provides support and structure for the organs. Nerve Tissue ? - ANS Composed of neurons and connective tissue cells (Neuroglia). Muscle Tissues ? - ANS Have the ability to contract or shorten Function of the nucleus ? - ANS Carries DNA Function of Ribosomes ? - ANS Important for the synthesis of proteins Mitosis ? - ANS DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly between two daughter cells. Meiosis ? - ANS Cell division where 46 chromosomes are reduced to 23 so they zygote has the correct number of chromosomes. What is the largest organ in the body ? - ANS Skin How many layers does the skin consist of ? - ANS Two : Dermis & Epidermis Epidermis ? - ANS The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells. Dermis ? - ANS The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures. What are the layers of the Epidermis from outer layer to inner layer ? - ANS Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum germinativum (Inner most layer). What are the two parts of the Germinativum (Innermost layer of the Epidermis) ? - ANS Stratum basale & Stratum spinosum Where does mitosis occur ? - ANS Stratum Germinativum Epidermal cells contain the protein pigment called _______ ? - ANS Melanin What is the function of melanin ? - ANS Protects against radiation from the sun What is the dermis composed of ? - ANS fibrous connective tissue, What are the two types of sweat glands ? - ANS Eccrine & Appocrine What is eccrine ? - ANS regulates body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates from the surface of the skin. What is appocrine ? - ANS secretion that contains bit of cytoplasm from the secreting cells. This cell bacteria attracts bacteria, and the presence of bacteria on the skin results in body odor. What does the appendages of the skin contain ? - ANS hair and nails What does the body's framework consist of ? - ANS bone, cartilage, ligaments, and joints What are some of the functions of the skeletal system ? - ANS support, movement, blood cell formation what is hemopoiesis ? - ANS blood cell formation Describe the properties of a long bone ? - ANS has an irregular epiphysis at each end, composed of spongy cancellous bone and a shaft/diaphysis What are the bones of the cranium ? - ANS single occipital, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and paired parietal, temporal, and ossicles of the ear. how many bones does the cervical vertebrae have ? - ANS 7 how many bones does the thoracic vertebrae have ? - ANS 12 how many bones does the lumbar vertebrae have ? - ANS 5 what is the tail bone called ? - ANS coccygeal vertebrae what does the bones of the thorax contain ? - ANS sternum &12 pairs of ribs what are metacarpals ? - ANS bones of the hand what are phalanges ? - ANS bones of the fingers what are the carpals ? - ANS wrist bones what are the metatarsals ? - ANS bones of the foot how do muscles produce movement ? - ANS by contracting in response to nervous stimulation how do muscle contractions result ? - ANS the sliding together of actin and myosin flaments within the muscle cell or fiber. ________ needs to be present inorder for a muscle cell to contract - ANS Calcium & ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) What causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum ? - ANS Nervous stimulation from motor neurons what are voluntary muscles ? - ANS the skeletal muscles that make up the muscular system What is the prime mover ? - ANS the muscle that executes a movement what is the antagonist ? - ANS the muscles that produces the opposite movement that was completed by the prime mover. what does a flexor muscle do ? - ANS reduce the angle at the joint what does the extensor muscle do ? - ANS increase the angle what does the abductor muscle do ? - ANS draw the limb away from the midline what does the addutor muscle do ? - ANS returns the limb back towards the body What is the nervous system made up of ? - ANS the brain, spinal cord, and nerves What is the function of the nervous system ? - ANS enables us to perceive many of the changes that take place in our external and internal environments and to respond to those changes ex: seeing, hearing,touching