NM History - Fall Final Exam Questions And Answers

How do historians know what happened in the past? - By studying many different accounts with varying perspective, historians piece together the past. What types of sources do they use to piece together the past? Give an example for each source. - -Primary: first-hand accounts (a letter from a survivor of the raid on Columbus) -Secondary: a historian's account based on primary sources (a book) -Tertiary: a combination of many different sources (a textbook) What is rainfall? - All forms of precipitation What is surface water? What is the total amount of surface water in New Mexico? - Water on the earth's surface; 250 square miles Which process allows people to artificially water crops? - Irrigation Where does the majority of New Mexico's water come from? - Ground water Which term best describes a long period of time without precipitation? - Drought Explain how water affected where people settled in New Mexico. - It is the key factor in determining where people settle. Because NM is a desert, natives and settlers built their communities around water sources, like the Rio Grande. What are the major industries in New Mexico? - Farming, ranching, mining, oil & gas, tourism What would happen to New Mexico if the surface and ground water dried up? - Water would become a scarce resource. Farmers and ranchers would have to rely solely on rainfall, which would drastically decrease their production. People would probably leave NM because they cannot survive without water. How are New Mexico industries impacted by water issues? - For any major businesses, like military bases or large manufacturers, to consider coming to NM, they would need to consider their access to water. In order for farmers and ranchers to continue to farm and ranch, they need to ensure that they have access to water. Water is the key factor in determining where people live and work. Which factors contributed to the Spanish predominantly settling northern New Mexico first? - Precipitation, climate, and altitude What factors contributed to where villages were settled in southern New Mexico? - Location to El Camino Real and the Rio Grande Which industries would you expect to find in southern NM? Which industries would find in northern NM? - -Southern: agriculture in the south central region, ranching throughout, oil and gas in the southeastern region, mining in the southwestern region -Northern: oil and gas in the northwestern region, ranching throughout What is the purpose of acequias? - To ensure a formal civil process for everyone in a community to have access to water, especially during a drought How would you classify the role of acequias in northern New Mexico? - Political, agricultural, and communal Explain how acequias are related to politics in northern New Mexico? - The community elects a mayordomo, who monitors water usage and settles community issues How did the building of dams affect irrigation in New Mexico? - Allowed farmers to control when the river flooded and use the land for farming How has water impacted where people and businesses have settled in New Mexico since WWII? - People and businesses continue to settle where they have access to water. Post-WWII, many national labs and military bases came to NM. They built their facilities where they have a good supply of water. After World War I, which mode of transportation drastically changed the way people lived and allowed them to travel and see new places? - Automobiles Which road connected Chicago and Los Angeles? - Route 66 How is Route 66 connected to the rise in tourism in New Mexico? - It brought more people through NM. It entered NM north of Tucumcari and exited at Gallup, allowing people to see the state and visit the places they found interesting What happened to town located on Route 66 after the arrival of the highways? - They dried up. People wanted to travel on faster, more direct highway rather than the slow, winding Route 66. The tourists who used to visit these little towns were now bypassing them and staying in the larger towns. As a result, the towns dried up and people moved away. Why were Native Americans placed on reservations? - They were raiding and killing Americans, Americans wanted their land, Americans wanted to control and civilize them What is assimilation? - The process of assimilation by immigrants or annexed populations to American customs and values How did white Americans try to make the Indian culture more like theirs? - They could not practice their religion, speak their native language, had to wear their hair and clothing like Anglo Americans, and attend boarding schools to make them more like Angle Americans. How would you describe the relationship between the tribes and the U.S. government before WWII? - The tribes did not trust the federal government because they had constantly broken their promises to the Native Americans. What is Americanization? - The process of assimilation by immigrants or annexed populations to American customs and values After World War II, how did the U.S.'s Indian policy change? - The government wanted to force termination of the reservations; however, Indians were allowed to remain on the reservation and govern themselves. The tribal government is sovereign for the reservation. Define self-determination. - The ability for Native Americans to govern and to control their own lives within their traditions. Define sovereignty. - Supreme power of authority Define autonomy. - The right or condition of self-government, esp. in a particular sphere - the reservation. How does a tribe's' status as a sovereign, self-determining entity affect their relationship with the United States government? - They are a sovereign nation within the US. They are able to govern themselves while remaining citizens of both the tribe and the US. Certain US rules do not apply.