Chapter 13 Inquizitive: Western Expansion and Southern Secession

What was the Wilmot Proviso, and how did it impact the national debate over slavery? - *It claimed that if any new territory should be acquired from Mexico, slavery would be banned in that new land. *It reignited the debate over the status of slavery in the West. True or false: Throughout the United States--in the North, the South, and the West--Americans were uniformly in favor of an expansionist war with Mexico. - False True or false: The lower southern states cited various grievances against the federal government as reasons for seceding. They chose to leave out the issue of slavery in order to gain legitimacy from the Union. - False True or false: The term Bleeding Kansas referring to the purging of anti-slavery members from the state legislature following the election of 1855. - False True or false: The majority of American settlers who traveled west to California did so by sea during the 1830s and 1480s, leading up to the discovery of gold in 1848. - False True or false: The eight resolutions presented to Congress by Henry Clay to resolve the "controversy between the free and slave states, growing out of the subject of slavery" had a few controversial points, but the Compromise of 1850 was adopted surprisingly quickly, after only a few months of debate. - False Who was the leading promoter of American settlement in Texas? - Stephen Fuller Austin Identify how South Carolina senator John C. Calhoun countered the Wilmot Proviso. - He insisted that the proviso violated the Fifth Amendment, as it would deprive slave owners of their right to life, liberty, and property, since enslaved people were considered property at the time. Identify the statements that accurately describe the new Republican party. - *created when the "conscience Whigs" joined with anti-slavery Democrats and Free-Soilers *dedicated to the exclusion of slavery from the western territories What did the presidential nominating conventions for the 1860 election reveal about political attitudes based on geography? - *Opinions tended to be more radical in the Northeast and the Lower South. *Border states tended to be more moderate. Identify whether the following opinions would have been expressed by Abraham Lincoln or Stephen Douglas during the Lincoln-Douglas debates. *I am focused on principle. *My opponent is only interested in "process" or "popular sovereignty." *America can exist as half free and half slave. *The American government can't exist as half free and half slave. - Lincoln *I am focused on principle. *The American government can't exist as half free and half slave. My opponent is only interested in "process" or "popular sovereignty." Douglas *America can exist as half free and half slave. True or false: The Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty resolved the outstanding border dispute with Great Britain over the Oregon Territory by extending the border between British Canada and the United States along the 49th parallel all the way to the Pacific coast. - True Identify the provisions laid out by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo at the end of the Mexican-American War. - *Mexico renounced all claims to Texas north of the Rio Grande. Mexico also transferred California to the United States. *The United States paid the government of Mexico $15 million. The __________ Gold Rush was the greatest mass migration in American history and one of the most important events in the first half of the nineteenth century. The infusion of gold into the U.S. economy contributed to the financial support of the _________ during the Civil War. The gold rush also helped develop the booming city of _________, which became the largest city west of Chicago. - California; Union military; San Francisco In the midst of the ________ southern states, Congress was desperate to reach an agreement in order to avoid ________. A series of resolutions permitting slavery in new ________ territories south of the Missouri Compromise line were proposed but soon after rejected by President-elect Abraham Lincoln. The Senate defeated the ________ but failed at peace talks several weeks later. This was the extent of Republican efforts to save the Union. - secession of; civil war; western; Crittenden Compromise The _________ case began with a suit filed in the Missouri courts by a man named Scott who was born into slavery and claimed that residence in Illinois made him free because slavery was _________ there. A jury decided _______ Scott, but the state Supreme Court disagreed. The Case went to the U.S. Supreme Court where President Buchanan pressured a judge to rule against Scott. The result was 7-2 ______ Scott, claiming no former enslaved person could be an American citizen. - Dred Scott; outlawed; in favor of; against In his inaugural address on March 4, 1861, Lincoln made many pledges. Identify some of these promises made by the president-elect. - *He pledged not to obstruct the institution of slavery in states where it existed. *He pledged to defend Fort Sumter. *Lincoln insisted that the Union was "perpetual" and that no state could lawfully leave the Union. Place in chronological order the events related to American settlement in northern Mexico. *John Tyler becomes president of the United States after William Henry Harrison dies a month into his term from pneumonia. *Mexico gains independence from Spain. *The Mexican army defeats Texan rebels at the Battle of the Alamo. *Texas declares independence from Mexico. - 1. Mexico gains independence from Spain. 2. The Mexican army defeats Texan rebels at the Battle of the Alamo. 3. Texas declares independence from Mexico. 4. John Tyler becomes president of the United States after William Henry Harrison dies a month into his term from pneumonia. In 1850, a Georgia congressman declared, "I avow before this House and country, and in the presence of the living God that if by your legislation you seek to drive us [slaveholders] from the territories of California and New Mexico...I am for disunion." What does this quotation reveal about relations between the North and the South? - *the frustration of southerners regarding the free status of California and New Mexico *the sincerity of the southern threat to leave the Union if Taylor's plan was implemented