APUSH Period 5 Review: 184-1877 Exam Questions And Answers

Manifest Destiny - ANS 1840s. Polk President. Belief that it was the US' right to expand from coast to coast. Built on white racial superiority and American cultural superiority, major debates of the time period. Aroostook War - ANS 1839. Disputed territorial boundry between Maine lumberjacks and British Canada. Militia were called in from both sides until the Webster-Ashburton Treaty was signed. Annexation of Texas - ANS 1845. 9 After years after Texas Independence from Mexico, Texas joined the U.S. Upset Mexico, and was one of the causes of the Mexican War. Acquisition of Oregon - ANS 1846. Agreed to divide it at the 49° N latitude with Britain. Mexican War - ANS began after Mexican troops crossed the Rio Grande into Texas. Was ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which gave the U.S. Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million to Mexico Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo - ANS Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million Wilmot Proviso - ANS (1846) a proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession; passed in the House of Representatives but was defeated in the Senate popular sovereignty - ANS Notion that the people of a territory should determine if they want to be a slave state or a free state. Used in Comp of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854. Gadsden Purchase - ANS (1853) U.S. purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico for the purposes of building a Transcontinental RR. Mexican Cession - ANS 1848. Region of the present day southwestern United States that was ceded to the U.S. by Mexico in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War. Land grab was significant because the question of extending slavery into newly acquired territories had become the leading national political issue. Free Soil Party - ANS Formed in , dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. Fugitive Slave Law - ANS Part of the Comp of 1850, law provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The 1850 law was tougher (than the 1793 law) and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad. Upset the North. Underground Railroad - ANS c., Harriet Tubman, a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North Compromise of 1850 - ANS (1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) slave trade abolished in DC, and (4) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas Kansas-Nebraska Act - ANS 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. Biggest law that caused the Civil War. Republican Party - ANS 1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers from the North met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories. 1st purely sectional party. The Caning of Charles Sumner - ANS 1856 Senator from Mass. stands up in senate denouncing the acts in Lawrence, Kansas and insults a senator from SC who beats him with a cane (Preston Brooks). Shows deep divisions between North and South. Dred Scott Decision - ANS 1857. Sued for his freedom (end of being a slave) in Federal Court. The U.S. Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue because he was property, not a citizen. South happy. North outraged. Uncle Tom's Cabin - ANS 1852, harriet beecher stowe, antislavery book, widely read- hated by southerners - made northerners more skeptical of slavery Pottawatomie Creek Massacre - ANS 1856. 1 of 2 Bleeding Kansas site. In reaction to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces, John Brown and a band of abolitionist settlers killed five pro-slavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek. Hence Bleeding Kansas. American Party (Know Nothing Party) - ANS 1850s. Against mass immigration of people from Europe especially the Germans and Irish during this period. Favored native born. Anti-Catholic belief. Believe immigrants were taking away jobs Bleeding Kansas - ANS (1856) a series of violent fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who had moved to Kansas to try to influence the decision of whether or not Kansas would a slave state or a free state. Panic of 1857 - ANS Just before Civil War, Economic downturn caused by overspeculation of western lands, railroads, gold in California, grain. Mostly affected northerners, who called for higher tariffs and free homesteads. South not affected much. Lincoln-Douglas Debates - ANS 1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate Harpers Ferry Raid - ANS 1859. John Brown of Kansas attempted to create a major revolt among the slaves by breaking into a federal armory to arm slaves. Raid failed and Brown was captured. Effects: the South saw the act as one of treason and were encouraged to separate from the North, and Brown became a martyr to the northern abolitionist cause. Election of 1860 - ANS Final event before Southern secession. Republican Lincoln wins the election. Lincoln is not on any ballot in the South. S. Carolina 1st to secede 1 month after the election. Border States - ANS Civil war. The states the slave states that stayed with the Union: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri. Union - ANS A general term for the United States during the Civil War which also was used to refer to the Northern army.