CLEP History of the United States 1: Early Colonization to 1877 Exam Que & Ans

Treaty of Tordesillas - Moved the "line of demarcation" further west. Ignored by most other European nations. Vasco Nunez de Balboa - crossed the isthmus of Panama - First European to see the Pacific Ocean Juan Ponce de Leon - explored Florida in search of gold and the fountain of youth. Claimed Florida for Spain New Spain - autocratic empire to benefit the parent country. utilized slavery and imported african slaves John Cabot - Italian explorer for England - searched for the Northwest Passage Giovannia da Verrazano - Italian explorer for France Jacques Cartier - claimed area of the St Lawrence River - Montreal - for france, also searched for the NW Passage Huguenots - French Protestants came to New World to escape catholic french persecution. were massacred by the spaniards. Francis Drake - English captain, sailed around the world. Funded by Queen Elizabeth The Impeachment Process - Per Article 1 - House initiates impeachment & acts as grand jury. Next, the Senate with the chief justice presiding begins a trial for guilt or innocence of the president. the Dutch Colony of New Netherland - hostile relations with indians because of exploitation of fur trade (main source of wealth). Ethically diverse which led to internal struggling. Spanish colonization of new world was characterized by: - exploitation of indians, establishing african slavery, introduction of the horse to america, and the creation of large agriculture plantations Puritans - sought to create perfect religions utopia. Came to the new world to escape persecution. Were not pacifists, did not approve of the pilgrims, or catholics. King Philips War - Wampanoag Indians organized by King Philip to destroy New England settlements, Puritans counterattacked and won - ended indian resistance to white settlement A series of wars between England and France for control of North America - King Williams War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War and the Seven Years War - French were defeated James Otis - earned his fame for the Writs of Assistance. John C Calhoun - leader in the states right movement Henry Clay & Daniel Webster - supporters of the union - against secession The Compromise of 1850 - California admitted free; stricter fugitive slave law; slave trade forbid in D.C.; New Mexico admitted by popular sovereignty The Missouri Compromise - Engineered by Henry Clay To balance the number of "slave states" and "free states," Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. Prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30' The Battle of Saratoga - America victory that prompted the French to form an alliance against england. Maryland - purchased by Catholic Lord Baltimore to be a refuge for persecuted Catholics Mercantilism - Export more than import. Encouraged Americans to provide raw materials to England and purchase manufactured goods. Americans were to engage in exclusive trade with England. Virginia - founded as a joint stock colony - became a Royal Colony The Jay Treaty - attempted to settle conflict with Britian at sea, and curtail their agitation of indians on western borders. provided for the evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes. Was not supported because english refused to stop the impressment of American sailors The Election of 1800 - Jefferson & Burr Tied - the house cast votes to decide - Jefferson elected The Burr Conspiracy - Burrs scheme to create a new nation of the Southern Territory of the US The Treaty of Ghent - ended the war of 1812 - restored territory taken during the war The Monroe Doctrine - President James Monroe's 3 principles on foreign police. Pledged that America would remain free of European wars and any future colonization. Established the areas of North & South America as an American sphere of influence. Supported by England to prevent war. Dred Scott - 1859 Roger taney's decision on slavery - stated the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Andrew Jackson - 7th president, strong term, Vetoed the Second Bank, "kitchen cabinet", created the spoils system. Nicholas Biddle - The Second Bank The Gadsden Purchase - purchase of the land south of the Gila river purchased by Jefferson Davis so that the transcontinental railroad could pass through the south When it formed in the 1850s, the Republican Party platform included: - support of national unity and free labor The Trent Affair - 1861. Almost provoked hostilities between Union and England during the civil war. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo - established Mexican recognition of the acquisition and the souther boundary at the Rio Grande River - ended Mexican War The Tariff Act of 1832 - established high import fees for all European goods in an effort to protect Northern industries. It offered no benefit to southern states and raised prices for consumers. Led to the Nullification Crisis. The Nullification Crisis - proved by South Carolina by voting to nullify the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 Compromise Tariff of 1833 - It was a new tariff proposed by Henry Clay and John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816 This compromise avoided civil war and prolonged the union for another 30 years. The Rush-Bagot Treaty - 1818 Great Britain and the United states agreed to take military ships from the Great Lakes The Treaty of Paris 1763 - Ended the Seven Years War/ The French and Indian War. France gave up its claims in America. Spanish gave up Florida to Britain but gained New Orleans and Lousiana. The Prohibitory Act of 1775 - Declared Americans to be no longer under the protection of King George III and amounted to a virtual declaration of war. Became president upon Lincoln's assassination - Andrew Johnson The Ostend Manifesto - forced Spain to sell cuba to the US, or the US would seize the island. Slave population in south in 1860 - 4 million The Tenure of Office Act - passed in 1867 to reduce the power of President Andrew Johnson