The Language of Medicine- Chapter 2
Exam Questions and Answers
anabolism - Answer- Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from
simple materials. Anabolism produces proteins such as hormones and enzymes that
are important to growth of cells. Anabolism occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of a
cell.
catabolism - Answer- Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form
simpler substances and release energy
cell membrane - Answer- structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It
determines what enters and leaves the cell.
chromosomes - Answer- Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain
regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell
except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired
chromosomes.
cytoplasm - Answer- All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained
within the cell membrane.
DNA - Answer- Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a
sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum - Answer- Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in
which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Anabolism takes place
on the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
genes - Answer- regions of DNA within each chromosome
karyotype - Answer- Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The
chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and
structure.
metabolism - Answer- The total of the chemical process in a cell. It includes
catabolism and anabolism.
mitochondria - Answer- Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to
release energy. Catabolism takes place in mitochondria.
, nucleus - Answer- Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs
the activities of the cell.
adipose tissue - Answer- Collection of fat cells.
cartilage - Answer- flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For
example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose.
epithelial cells - Answer- skin cells that cover the external body surface and line
the internal surfaces of organs.
histologist - Answer- specialist in the study of tissues
larynx - Answer- "Voice box"; located at the upper part of the trachea.
pharynx - Answer- Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for
food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from nose to the trachea).
pituitary gland - Answer- Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
trachea - Answer- "Windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial
tubes).
ureter - Answer- One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the
urinary bladder.
urethra - Answer- Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
uterus - Answer- The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it
develops.
Viscera - Answer- Internal organs.
abdominal cavity - Answer- Space below the chest containing organs such as the
liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen.
cranial cavity - Answer- Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by
the skull.
cranial - Answer- pertaining to the skull
diaphragm - Answer- Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The
diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.
dorsal (posterior) - Answer- Pertaining to the back.
Exam Questions and Answers
anabolism - Answer- Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from
simple materials. Anabolism produces proteins such as hormones and enzymes that
are important to growth of cells. Anabolism occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of a
cell.
catabolism - Answer- Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form
simpler substances and release energy
cell membrane - Answer- structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It
determines what enters and leaves the cell.
chromosomes - Answer- Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain
regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell
except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired
chromosomes.
cytoplasm - Answer- All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained
within the cell membrane.
DNA - Answer- Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a
sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum - Answer- Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in
which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Anabolism takes place
on the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
genes - Answer- regions of DNA within each chromosome
karyotype - Answer- Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The
chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and
structure.
metabolism - Answer- The total of the chemical process in a cell. It includes
catabolism and anabolism.
mitochondria - Answer- Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to
release energy. Catabolism takes place in mitochondria.
, nucleus - Answer- Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs
the activities of the cell.
adipose tissue - Answer- Collection of fat cells.
cartilage - Answer- flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For
example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose.
epithelial cells - Answer- skin cells that cover the external body surface and line
the internal surfaces of organs.
histologist - Answer- specialist in the study of tissues
larynx - Answer- "Voice box"; located at the upper part of the trachea.
pharynx - Answer- Throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for
food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from nose to the trachea).
pituitary gland - Answer- Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
trachea - Answer- "Windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial
tubes).
ureter - Answer- One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the
urinary bladder.
urethra - Answer- Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
uterus - Answer- The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it
develops.
Viscera - Answer- Internal organs.
abdominal cavity - Answer- Space below the chest containing organs such as the
liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen.
cranial cavity - Answer- Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by
the skull.
cranial - Answer- pertaining to the skull
diaphragm - Answer- Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The
diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing.
dorsal (posterior) - Answer- Pertaining to the back.
