Language of Medicine- Chapter 5 Exam
Questions and Answers
absorption - Answer- passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine
into the bloodstream
amino acids - Answer- small building blocks of protein (like links in a chain),
released when proteins are digested
amylase - Answer- enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
anus - Answer- terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the
body
appendix - Answer- blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower
quadrant). It literally means hanging on to.
bile - Answer- digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It
breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules; composed of pigments, cholesterol, and
salts
bilirubin - Answer- pigment released by the liver in bile
bowel - Answer- intestine
canine teeth - Answer- pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called
cuspids or eyeteeth
cecum - Answer- first part of the large intestine
colon - Answer- large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending,
transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum.
common bile duct - Answer- Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the
duodenum. Also call the choledochus.
defecation - Answer- elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
deglutition - Answer- swallowing
dentin - Answer- the primary material found in teeth; it is covered by the enamel in
the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
, digestion - Answer- breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
duodenum - Answer- first part of the small intestine; measures 12 inches long
elimination - Answer- act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive
system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces
emulsification - Answer- physical process of breaking up large fat globules into
smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to
digest the fat
enamel - Answer- hard, outermost layer of a tooth
enzyme - Answer- a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.
digestive ______ break down complex foods to simpler substances.
esophagus - Answer- tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
fatty acids - Answer- substances produced when fats are digested
feces - Answer- solid wastes; stool
gallbladder - Answer- small sac under the liver; stores bile.
glucose - Answer- simple sugar
glycogen - Answer- starch; glucose is stored in the form of ________ in liver cells
hydrochloric acid - Answer- substance produced by the stomach; necessary for
digestion of food
ileum - Answer- third part of the small intestine
incisor - Answer- one of four front teeth in the dental arch
insulin - Answer- hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas;
transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the
liver
jejunum - Answer- second part of the small intestine
lipase - Answer- pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
Questions and Answers
absorption - Answer- passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine
into the bloodstream
amino acids - Answer- small building blocks of protein (like links in a chain),
released when proteins are digested
amylase - Answer- enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch
anus - Answer- terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the
body
appendix - Answer- blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower
quadrant). It literally means hanging on to.
bile - Answer- digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It
breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules; composed of pigments, cholesterol, and
salts
bilirubin - Answer- pigment released by the liver in bile
bowel - Answer- intestine
canine teeth - Answer- pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors; also called
cuspids or eyeteeth
cecum - Answer- first part of the large intestine
colon - Answer- large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending,
transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum.
common bile duct - Answer- Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the
duodenum. Also call the choledochus.
defecation - Answer- elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus
deglutition - Answer- swallowing
dentin - Answer- the primary material found in teeth; it is covered by the enamel in
the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root
, digestion - Answer- breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms
duodenum - Answer- first part of the small intestine; measures 12 inches long
elimination - Answer- act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive
system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces
emulsification - Answer- physical process of breaking up large fat globules into
smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to
digest the fat
enamel - Answer- hard, outermost layer of a tooth
enzyme - Answer- a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.
digestive ______ break down complex foods to simpler substances.
esophagus - Answer- tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
fatty acids - Answer- substances produced when fats are digested
feces - Answer- solid wastes; stool
gallbladder - Answer- small sac under the liver; stores bile.
glucose - Answer- simple sugar
glycogen - Answer- starch; glucose is stored in the form of ________ in liver cells
hydrochloric acid - Answer- substance produced by the stomach; necessary for
digestion of food
ileum - Answer- third part of the small intestine
incisor - Answer- one of four front teeth in the dental arch
insulin - Answer- hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas;
transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the
liver
jejunum - Answer- second part of the small intestine
lipase - Answer- pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
