BSC 1010 Quiz & Exam 4 2025 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS |FRE
QUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS |RECENTLY TESTING REAL EXAM QUES-
TIONS|VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hdeeza
1. How are the features/characteristics of an organisms dictated?: By genes
inherited from the parents.
2. Genome: the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the
genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
3. Key to gene function: Information/instructions to produce proteins.
4. Blending Inheritance Theory: Theory that the traits of parents were blended
together to result in an equal distribution of traits in their offspring. Ex. Parents could
have 2 different skin tones and the child may have a blend of both.
5. Gregor Mendel: Father of genetics
6. Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment: Mendel studied genetic inheritance through
this experiment. he cross bred pea plants with different characteristics and observed
how those traits were inherited in the offspring. some of these traits were found to
be inherited in predictable ratios depending on the phenotype and genotype of the
parents.
7. True Breeders are: homozygous
8. Genotype: An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
9. Phenotype: An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
10. Gregor Mendel did what to the blending inheritance theory?: Falsified the
hypothesis of blending inheritance.
11. Mendel's 1st Law: Segregation of Alternate Factors: Summary of meiosis but
Mendel did not know of cell theory. Taking true breeding parents (P generation) to
create Hybrids (F1 generation) that would eventually lead to ratio of 3:1 in favor of
purple flowers (F2 generation).
12. Factors: genes; separated during gametogenesis
13. Allele: Different forms of a gene
14. Locus: Location of a gene on a chromosome
15. Dominant Trait (Capital): In Mendel's pea plant experiment, the purple flower
was the dominant trait since the hybrid and most of its offspring were purple.
16. Recessive Trait (Lowercase): In Mendel's pea plant experiment, the white
flower was the recessive trait since it did not show up in the hybrid and was the
less common phenotype of the hybrids offspring.
17. Homozygous: Homo = same, zygous = zygote. True breeding parents (PP or
pp)
18. Heterozygous: An organism that has two different alleles for a trait. (Pp)
19. Probability Rules (Addition Rule): The occurrence of mutually exclusive
events equals the sum of their individual probabilities; that is, calculate probabilities
1/7
, BSC 1010 Quiz & Exam 4 2025 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS |FRE
QUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS |RECENTLY TESTING REAL EXAM QUES-
TIONS|VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hdeeza
associated with the dominant and recessive alleles are demonstrated in a monohy-
brid cross.
20. Mendel's 2nd Law: Independent Assortment: inheritance of one allele has no
effect on the likelihood of inheriting certain alleles for other genes
21. Two-trait cross: considers the inheritance of two characteristics
e.g. AABB x aabb
22. Mendel did not know about: chromosomes or meiosis
23. 9:3:3:1 ratio: dihybrid cross. E.g. AaBb x AaBb, in Mendel's model, 9 would be
purple/ tall, 3 would be purple/short, 3 would be white/tall, 1 would be white/short.
24. How many distinct genotypes are present in a dihybrid cross?: 9
(1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4)
25. Genotypic ratio in dihybrid cross: 1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4
26. Phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross: 9:3:3:1
27. Genotypic ratio in monohybrid cross: 1:2:1
28. Phenotypic ratio in monohybrid cross: 3:1
29. Messenger RNA: RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the
assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
30. mRNA vaccine: Tells body to make proteins if the virus was present that signals
immune system to administer antibodies to get rid of those proteins.
31. Test Crosses: used to determine the dominance of a certain allele over another
32. Linked genes: Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inher-
ited together in genetic crosses.
33. Unlinked genes: genes that are found on different chromosomes
34. Linkage groups: collections of genes that tended to be inherited together
35. Genetic maps: chromosome maps calculated by using the genetic phenome-
non of recombination
36. Recombination maps: a chromosome map in which the positions of loci shown
are based on recombinant frequencies
37. cytological mapping: Locates gene loci in reference to visible chromosomal
features
38. 3:1 and 9:3:3:1 are rare, why?:
39. Should assume traits are on two different chromosomes unless what?: You
are told they are linked.
40. The X-Y system: Mammals
Males: XY
Females: XX
2/7
QUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS |RECENTLY TESTING REAL EXAM QUES-
TIONS|VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hdeeza
1. How are the features/characteristics of an organisms dictated?: By genes
inherited from the parents.
2. Genome: the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the
genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
3. Key to gene function: Information/instructions to produce proteins.
4. Blending Inheritance Theory: Theory that the traits of parents were blended
together to result in an equal distribution of traits in their offspring. Ex. Parents could
have 2 different skin tones and the child may have a blend of both.
5. Gregor Mendel: Father of genetics
6. Mendel's Pea Plant Experiment: Mendel studied genetic inheritance through
this experiment. he cross bred pea plants with different characteristics and observed
how those traits were inherited in the offspring. some of these traits were found to
be inherited in predictable ratios depending on the phenotype and genotype of the
parents.
7. True Breeders are: homozygous
8. Genotype: An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
9. Phenotype: An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
10. Gregor Mendel did what to the blending inheritance theory?: Falsified the
hypothesis of blending inheritance.
11. Mendel's 1st Law: Segregation of Alternate Factors: Summary of meiosis but
Mendel did not know of cell theory. Taking true breeding parents (P generation) to
create Hybrids (F1 generation) that would eventually lead to ratio of 3:1 in favor of
purple flowers (F2 generation).
12. Factors: genes; separated during gametogenesis
13. Allele: Different forms of a gene
14. Locus: Location of a gene on a chromosome
15. Dominant Trait (Capital): In Mendel's pea plant experiment, the purple flower
was the dominant trait since the hybrid and most of its offspring were purple.
16. Recessive Trait (Lowercase): In Mendel's pea plant experiment, the white
flower was the recessive trait since it did not show up in the hybrid and was the
less common phenotype of the hybrids offspring.
17. Homozygous: Homo = same, zygous = zygote. True breeding parents (PP or
pp)
18. Heterozygous: An organism that has two different alleles for a trait. (Pp)
19. Probability Rules (Addition Rule): The occurrence of mutually exclusive
events equals the sum of their individual probabilities; that is, calculate probabilities
1/7
, BSC 1010 Quiz & Exam 4 2025 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS |FRE
QUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS |RECENTLY TESTING REAL EXAM QUES-
TIONS|VERIFIED SOLUTIONS (100% CORRECT)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hdeeza
associated with the dominant and recessive alleles are demonstrated in a monohy-
brid cross.
20. Mendel's 2nd Law: Independent Assortment: inheritance of one allele has no
effect on the likelihood of inheriting certain alleles for other genes
21. Two-trait cross: considers the inheritance of two characteristics
e.g. AABB x aabb
22. Mendel did not know about: chromosomes or meiosis
23. 9:3:3:1 ratio: dihybrid cross. E.g. AaBb x AaBb, in Mendel's model, 9 would be
purple/ tall, 3 would be purple/short, 3 would be white/tall, 1 would be white/short.
24. How many distinct genotypes are present in a dihybrid cross?: 9
(1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4)
25. Genotypic ratio in dihybrid cross: 1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4
26. Phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross: 9:3:3:1
27. Genotypic ratio in monohybrid cross: 1:2:1
28. Phenotypic ratio in monohybrid cross: 3:1
29. Messenger RNA: RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the
assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
30. mRNA vaccine: Tells body to make proteins if the virus was present that signals
immune system to administer antibodies to get rid of those proteins.
31. Test Crosses: used to determine the dominance of a certain allele over another
32. Linked genes: Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inher-
ited together in genetic crosses.
33. Unlinked genes: genes that are found on different chromosomes
34. Linkage groups: collections of genes that tended to be inherited together
35. Genetic maps: chromosome maps calculated by using the genetic phenome-
non of recombination
36. Recombination maps: a chromosome map in which the positions of loci shown
are based on recombinant frequencies
37. cytological mapping: Locates gene loci in reference to visible chromosomal
features
38. 3:1 and 9:3:3:1 are rare, why?:
39. Should assume traits are on two different chromosomes unless what?: You
are told they are linked.
40. The X-Y system: Mammals
Males: XY
Females: XX
2/7
