NUR353 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED UPDATE GRADED A 2025/2026

NUR353 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED UPDATE GRADED A 2025/2026 Terms in this set (95) What are the expected systemic effects from receiving a nebulizer of salbutamol? -Salbutamol will brochnodiate the lungs allowing for greater air to be inspired increasing oxygen levels. It can also cause tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, headaches and a sore throat. What are the indications for an artificial airway? -Prevent/relieve obstruction -Protect the airway -Facilitation of suctioning -Provide a closed system for suctioning What are the indications and contraindications for a nasopharyngeal airway? Indications: Patients requiring airway support when oral route is unavailable, semi conscious patients with an intact gag reflex Contraindications: Anyone with known or suspected facial or head injuries Define stridor high-pitched sound generated from partially obstructed air flow in the upper airway. Can be present on inhalation or exhalation. Define stertor Snoring during sleep or altered consciousness Define wheeze Whistling heard on expiration, indicates resistance to airflow in lower respiratory tract Define Rattle Heard on inspiration and expiration, associated with secretions in the lower respiratory tract List seven further investigations we can do for a breathless patient -Blood tests: FBC,U&E, ABGs, Clotting -Chest x-ray: identify conditions such as pneumonia -CT/MRI -ECG -Respiratory function tests -Sputum sample -Bronchoscopy What are some communication considerations when assessing the breathless person? -Maintain eye contact -Provide a lot of reassurance -Try alternative communication strategies -Observe non-verbal cues -Use closed ended questions How and why would you position a breathless patient? Up right in a chair or in orthopneic position. This increases lung expansion, assists in gas exchange and may alleviate anxiety What is status asthmaticus? Life-threatening episode of airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common treatment What are five education topics for a patient newly diagnosed with asthma? -Nature of asthma -Identification of triggers and how to avoid them -Purpose and action of each medication -How to perform peak flow monitoring -How to implement asthma action plan What are the normal values for each of the following: pH Pa02 PaCO2 HC03 BE pH: 7.35-7.45 Pa02: 80-100 mmHg PaC02: 35-45 mmHg HC03: 22-26 mmol/L BE: +-2mmol/L What three things can cause respiratory acidosis? 1. Alveolar hypoventilation 2. Inadequate perfusion 3. Mechanical ventilation Describe what non-invasive ventilation is Non invasive positive pressure ventilation delivers positive pressure breaths to a spontaneously breathing patient. It is delivered by a mask with an airtight seal. It reduces the chances of patients being intubated. Describe the difference between CPAP and BiPAP CPAP machines provide continuous positive airway pressure where as BIPAP uses bi- level positive airway pressure. This essentially means that CPAP machines are constantly blowing air and BiPAP will blow air in response to a person's breathing. Both are non-invasive as they are delivered through a mask. CPAP machines will provide positive inspiratory pressure where as BiPAP works on both inspiratory and expiratory pressure. CPAP is commonly used in patients who have pulmonary oedema, COPD and asthma. BiPAP can also be used on COPD and asthma patients, but can also be used on high dependency patients, obstructive sleep apnea, neurological disorders and post extubation weaning issues. What is mechanical ventilation? Include in your answer possible indications Mechanical ventilation involves providing invasive positive pressure ventilation, usually through a mask. Indications: -Inability to protect airway -Inadequate breathing pattern -Inability to maintain oxygen demands -Hypercapnia List 6 diagnostic tests for patients with respiratory conditions -Chest x-ray -ABG -Pulse oximetry -Capnography -MC&S What are four things that can affect the way a drug is absorbed? Age, gender, diet and exercise What should be included in your initial assessment of a patient with ACS symptoms? -12 Lead ECG -Cardiac specific troponins -Oxygen therapy if the patient is hypoxic -300mg aspirin unless contraindicated Explain the PQRST pain assessment tool P- Precipitating factors Q-Quality R- Radiation S- Severity T - Time of onset List some symptoms you might expect to see in a patient with ACS? -Pain the chest, arms, neck, jaw and back -Skin might look pale, sweaty, clammy and cynasosed -Respiratory system might be tachypneic, dyspneic and oedematous -Nausea and vomiting -Anxiety and confusion List and describe the three causes of chest pain -Ischemic cardiovascular causes include ACS, stable angina, severe aortic stenosis and tachyarrhythmias -Non ischemic cardiovascular causes include aortic dissection, PE, pericarditis and other GI causes -Non cardiovascular causes include musculoskeletal causes, pulmonary and other causes such as sickle cell crisis and herpes