KPEERI - Spelling & Origins
Suffix -ed - answer/id/: when the base word ends in a /d/ or /t/ sound (e.g. hunted,
faded)
/d/: when the base word ends in a voiced sound (e.g. buzzed)
/t/: when the base word ends in an unvoiced sound (e.g. hushed)
1-1-1 Suffix Rule - answer When adding a suffix, double the final consonant if there is 1
syllable, 1 medial vowel, 1 final consonant
Three Great Rules: Doubling - answer Part 1: When you have a one-syllable word with
one short vowel and one final consonant (1-1-1 word), double the final letter before
adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (e.g. sadden, runner) Do not double the final
consonant
Part 2: when adding a suffix that begins with a vowel to a multisyllabic word that ends in
one consonant with only one vowel in front of it, double the consonant if the final
syllable in the base word receives the stress/accent (permitted, occurrence).
Three Great Rules: Drop Rule (e) - answerWhen adding a suffix to a word ending in
silent e, drop the e if the suffix beings with a vowel. Keep the e if the suffix begins with a
consonant. (e.g. glide - glided, race - raced, like - liked)
Note: E may need to be kept to preserve correct sound of soft c and g (traceable) or to
denote the difference between homophones (dying vs. dyeing)
Three Great Rules: Rules for (y) - answer*Note: determine whether a vowel or
consonant precedes the y in the base word
-if a vowel precedes the y, keep the y and add the suffix
-if a consonant precedes the y, change the y to i and add the suffix. Exception: if the
suffix begins with i, the y remains (e.g. crying) to avoid having two "i"s (double ii is not
an English spelling)
-words ending in y preceded by a vowel become plural by adding s. Words ending in y
preceded by a consonant become plural by changing the y to i and adding es (e.g.,
apply + s = applies)
*Some words ending with the vowel team ay may change to ai (day + ly = daily). There
is a reversal of the y to i rule when adding suffixes to words ending in ie (tie + ing =
tying)
-k vs. -ck - answerThe final /k/ sound is spelled with a k after a consonant or two vowels
(milk, sneak) Use -ck after a short vowel sound in a one-syllable word (e.g. black)
Suffix -ed - answer/id/: when the base word ends in a /d/ or /t/ sound (e.g. hunted,
faded)
/d/: when the base word ends in a voiced sound (e.g. buzzed)
/t/: when the base word ends in an unvoiced sound (e.g. hushed)
1-1-1 Suffix Rule - answer When adding a suffix, double the final consonant if there is 1
syllable, 1 medial vowel, 1 final consonant
Three Great Rules: Doubling - answer Part 1: When you have a one-syllable word with
one short vowel and one final consonant (1-1-1 word), double the final letter before
adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (e.g. sadden, runner) Do not double the final
consonant
Part 2: when adding a suffix that begins with a vowel to a multisyllabic word that ends in
one consonant with only one vowel in front of it, double the consonant if the final
syllable in the base word receives the stress/accent (permitted, occurrence).
Three Great Rules: Drop Rule (e) - answerWhen adding a suffix to a word ending in
silent e, drop the e if the suffix beings with a vowel. Keep the e if the suffix begins with a
consonant. (e.g. glide - glided, race - raced, like - liked)
Note: E may need to be kept to preserve correct sound of soft c and g (traceable) or to
denote the difference between homophones (dying vs. dyeing)
Three Great Rules: Rules for (y) - answer*Note: determine whether a vowel or
consonant precedes the y in the base word
-if a vowel precedes the y, keep the y and add the suffix
-if a consonant precedes the y, change the y to i and add the suffix. Exception: if the
suffix begins with i, the y remains (e.g. crying) to avoid having two "i"s (double ii is not
an English spelling)
-words ending in y preceded by a vowel become plural by adding s. Words ending in y
preceded by a consonant become plural by changing the y to i and adding es (e.g.,
apply + s = applies)
*Some words ending with the vowel team ay may change to ai (day + ly = daily). There
is a reversal of the y to i rule when adding suffixes to words ending in ie (tie + ing =
tying)
-k vs. -ck - answerThe final /k/ sound is spelled with a k after a consonant or two vowels
(milk, sneak) Use -ck after a short vowel sound in a one-syllable word (e.g. black)
