,Chapter 1 — Nursing Today — Nursing as a Profession
Key Concept: Professional identity and autonomy
ANA Standard(s): Standards of Practice — Assessment;
Standards of Professional Performance — Ethics,
Collaboration
Nursing Process: Implementation
Stem: A newly licensed RN is asked by a patient about
options for pain control after surgery and independently
teaches and implements nonpharmacologic comfort
measures. Which professional attribute is the nurse
demonstrating?
Options:
A. Accountability
B. Autonomy
C. Delegation
D. Advocacy
Correct Answer: B — Autonomy
Rationale:
Correct (2–3 sentences): The nurse is initiating
independent nursing interventions
(teaching/implementing nonpharmacologic measures)
consistent with professional autonomy (Fundamentals of
Nursing, 12th Ed., Ch. 1, p. [varies by edition]). This aligns
with ANA Standards: Assessment and Standards of
, Professional Performance (Collaboration, Ethics).
A (incorrect): Accountability refers to being responsible for
one’s actions and their consequences, not specifically
independent initiation of care.
B (incorrect): — (correct answer already explained)
C (incorrect): Delegation is assigning tasks to others, not
performing independent interventions.
D (incorrect): Advocacy involves protecting patient rights
and preferences but doesn’t specifically describe initiating
nursing interventions.
Teaching Point: Autonomy = initiating independent nursing
actions based on assessment.
2. Question /stem
Chapter 1 — Nursing Today — Historical influences
Key Concept: Florence Nightingale’s contributions
ANA Standard(s): Standards of Professional Performance
— Ethics, Education
Nursing Process: Assessment
Stem: Which historical contribution of Florence
Nightingale most directly relates to contemporary quality
improvement in nursing?
Options:
A. Establishing the first nursing school
B. Emphasizing sanitation and use of data to reduce
mortality
, C. Founding the American Red Cross
D. Creating modern nursing licensure examinations
Correct Answer: B — Emphasizing sanitation and use of
data to reduce mortality
Rationale:
Correct (2–3 sentences): Nightingale’s use of sanitation
measures and statistical observation laid the foundation
for evidence-based quality improvement in nursing
(Fundamentals of Nursing, 12th Ed., Ch. 1, p. [varies by
edition]). This underpins modern QI and infection-
prevention efforts.
A (incorrect): Establishing nursing education was important
but is less directly tied to data-driven QI.
C (incorrect): Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross; Nightingale did not.
D (incorrect): Modern licensure examinations developed
later and are not Nightingale’s primary contribution.
Teaching Point: Nightingale pioneered data-driven
sanitation practices foundational to QI.
3. Question /stem
Chapter 1 — Nursing Today — Contemporary influences
Key Concept: Evidence-based practice (EBP) influence on
care
ANA Standard(s): Standards of Practice — Outcomes
Identification, Planning; Professional Performance —
Key Concept: Professional identity and autonomy
ANA Standard(s): Standards of Practice — Assessment;
Standards of Professional Performance — Ethics,
Collaboration
Nursing Process: Implementation
Stem: A newly licensed RN is asked by a patient about
options for pain control after surgery and independently
teaches and implements nonpharmacologic comfort
measures. Which professional attribute is the nurse
demonstrating?
Options:
A. Accountability
B. Autonomy
C. Delegation
D. Advocacy
Correct Answer: B — Autonomy
Rationale:
Correct (2–3 sentences): The nurse is initiating
independent nursing interventions
(teaching/implementing nonpharmacologic measures)
consistent with professional autonomy (Fundamentals of
Nursing, 12th Ed., Ch. 1, p. [varies by edition]). This aligns
with ANA Standards: Assessment and Standards of
, Professional Performance (Collaboration, Ethics).
A (incorrect): Accountability refers to being responsible for
one’s actions and their consequences, not specifically
independent initiation of care.
B (incorrect): — (correct answer already explained)
C (incorrect): Delegation is assigning tasks to others, not
performing independent interventions.
D (incorrect): Advocacy involves protecting patient rights
and preferences but doesn’t specifically describe initiating
nursing interventions.
Teaching Point: Autonomy = initiating independent nursing
actions based on assessment.
2. Question /stem
Chapter 1 — Nursing Today — Historical influences
Key Concept: Florence Nightingale’s contributions
ANA Standard(s): Standards of Professional Performance
— Ethics, Education
Nursing Process: Assessment
Stem: Which historical contribution of Florence
Nightingale most directly relates to contemporary quality
improvement in nursing?
Options:
A. Establishing the first nursing school
B. Emphasizing sanitation and use of data to reduce
mortality
, C. Founding the American Red Cross
D. Creating modern nursing licensure examinations
Correct Answer: B — Emphasizing sanitation and use of
data to reduce mortality
Rationale:
Correct (2–3 sentences): Nightingale’s use of sanitation
measures and statistical observation laid the foundation
for evidence-based quality improvement in nursing
(Fundamentals of Nursing, 12th Ed., Ch. 1, p. [varies by
edition]). This underpins modern QI and infection-
prevention efforts.
A (incorrect): Establishing nursing education was important
but is less directly tied to data-driven QI.
C (incorrect): Clara Barton founded the American Red
Cross; Nightingale did not.
D (incorrect): Modern licensure examinations developed
later and are not Nightingale’s primary contribution.
Teaching Point: Nightingale pioneered data-driven
sanitation practices foundational to QI.
3. Question /stem
Chapter 1 — Nursing Today — Contemporary influences
Key Concept: Evidence-based practice (EBP) influence on
care
ANA Standard(s): Standards of Practice — Outcomes
Identification, Planning; Professional Performance —
