CHEM 120 Exam #3 Study Guide
Question and answers 100% correct
2025
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid? - correct answer
✔Substance that donates protons (H+) to other substances.
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base? - correct answer
✔Substance that can accept protons from other substances.
How do acids react in aqueous solutions? - correct answer ✔Acids transfer
H+ to water to form a hydronium ion, H3O+.
How do bases react in aqueous solutions? - correct answer ✔Water
transfers H+ to the base to form a hydroxide ion, OH-.
What is the definition of pH? - correct answer ✔-log[H3O+] where [H3O+] is
the concentration of protons in a solution.
What is the definition of pOH? - correct answer ✔-log[OH-] where [OH-] is
the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.
What is the definition of a buffer? - correct answer ✔Chemical systems that
strive to maintain pH of a solution in a limited range.
How does adding acid affect a buffer solution? - correct answer ✔It shifts the
reaction to the reactants side which causes acid to be removed from the
solution.
, How does the addition of a base affect a buffer solution? - correct answer ✔It
shifts the reaction to the products side which causes more acid to be added to
the solution.
What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with a strong base? - correct
answer ✔The carboxylic acid is neutralized rapidly and quantitavely.
How do you name cyclic carboxylic acids? - correct answer ✔Give the lowest
number to the COOH group. Identify the name of the ring followed by
carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, etc.
How do you name aromatic carboxylic acids? - correct answer ✔The ring
carbon attached to the carboxyl group is the #1 position. Substituted benzoic
acids are named with benzoic acid as the parent name.
What are some physical properties of carboxylic acids? - correct answer ✔-
Polar compounds.
-Higher boiling point than other organic compounds.
-More soluble in water than alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, or ethers due to
their strong association with water molecules.
-As size of the carbon chain increases, solubility decreases.
-Smaller aliphatic carboxylic acids have very sharp odors.
What are some physical properties of Esters? - correct answer ✔-Because of
C=O group, Esters can act as hydrogen bond acceptors.
-More soluble in water than corresponding alkanes.
-Boiling points are lower because they can't form inter molecular hydrogen
bonds between ester molecules.
What is the functional group for a carboxylic acid? - correct answer ✔O
Question and answers 100% correct
2025
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid? - correct answer
✔Substance that donates protons (H+) to other substances.
What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base? - correct answer
✔Substance that can accept protons from other substances.
How do acids react in aqueous solutions? - correct answer ✔Acids transfer
H+ to water to form a hydronium ion, H3O+.
How do bases react in aqueous solutions? - correct answer ✔Water
transfers H+ to the base to form a hydroxide ion, OH-.
What is the definition of pH? - correct answer ✔-log[H3O+] where [H3O+] is
the concentration of protons in a solution.
What is the definition of pOH? - correct answer ✔-log[OH-] where [OH-] is
the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.
What is the definition of a buffer? - correct answer ✔Chemical systems that
strive to maintain pH of a solution in a limited range.
How does adding acid affect a buffer solution? - correct answer ✔It shifts the
reaction to the reactants side which causes acid to be removed from the
solution.
, How does the addition of a base affect a buffer solution? - correct answer ✔It
shifts the reaction to the products side which causes more acid to be added to
the solution.
What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with a strong base? - correct
answer ✔The carboxylic acid is neutralized rapidly and quantitavely.
How do you name cyclic carboxylic acids? - correct answer ✔Give the lowest
number to the COOH group. Identify the name of the ring followed by
carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, etc.
How do you name aromatic carboxylic acids? - correct answer ✔The ring
carbon attached to the carboxyl group is the #1 position. Substituted benzoic
acids are named with benzoic acid as the parent name.
What are some physical properties of carboxylic acids? - correct answer ✔-
Polar compounds.
-Higher boiling point than other organic compounds.
-More soluble in water than alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, or ethers due to
their strong association with water molecules.
-As size of the carbon chain increases, solubility decreases.
-Smaller aliphatic carboxylic acids have very sharp odors.
What are some physical properties of Esters? - correct answer ✔-Because of
C=O group, Esters can act as hydrogen bond acceptors.
-More soluble in water than corresponding alkanes.
-Boiling points are lower because they can't form inter molecular hydrogen
bonds between ester molecules.
What is the functional group for a carboxylic acid? - correct answer ✔O
