Introduction to Java
Java was developed by Sun Microsystems (which is now the subsidiary of Oracle) in the year
1995. James Gosling is known as the father of Java. Before Java, its name was Oak. Since Oak
was already a registered company, so James Gosling and his team changed the name from
Oak to Java.
Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known as a
platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called a platform.
Application
According to Sun, 3 billion devices run Java. There are many devices where Java is currently
used. Some of them are as follows:
1. Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player, antivirus, etc.
2. Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com, etc.
3. Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
4. Mobile
5. Embedded System
6. Smart Card
7. Robotics
8. Games, etc.
Types of Java Applications
There are mainly 4 types of applications that can be created using Java programming:
1) Standalone Application
Standalone applications are also known as desktop applications or window-based applications.
These are traditional software that we need to install on every machine. Examples of standalone
application are Media player, antivirus, etc. AWT and Swing are used in Java for creating
standalone applications.
2) Web Application
An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic page is called a web
application. Currently, Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, JSF, etc. technologies are used
for creating web applications in Java.
3) Enterprise Application
An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications, etc. is called an
enterprise application. It has advantages like high-level security, load balancing, and clustering.
In Java, EJB is used for creating enterprise applications.
4) Mobile Application
An application which is created for mobile devices is called a mobile application. Currently,
Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile applications.
,History of Java
The history of Java is very interesting. Java was originally designed for interactive television, but
it was too advanced technology for the digital cable television industry at the time. The history of
Java starts with the Green Team. Java team members (also known as Green Team), initiated
this project to develop a language for digital devices such as set-top boxes, televisions, etc.
However, it was best suited for internet programming. Later, Java technology was incorporated
by Netscape.
The principles for creating Java programming were "Simple, Robust, Portable,
Platform-independent, Secured, High Performance, Multithreaded, Architecture Neutral,
Object-Oriented, Interpreted, and Dynamic". Java was developed by James Gosling, who is
known as the father of Java, in 1995. James Gosling and his team members started the project
in the early '90s.
Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-business solutions,
etc
Features of Java
The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it portable, simple
and secure programming language. Apart from this, there are also some excellent features
which play an important role in the popularity of this language. The features of Java are also
known as Java buzzwords.
A list of the most important features of the Java language is given below.
, 1. Simple
2. Object-Oriented
3. Portable
4. Platform independent
5. Secured
6. Robust
7. Architecture neutral
8. Interpreted
9. High Performance
10.Multithreaded
11.Distributed
12.Dynamic
Simple
Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to understand. According to
Sun Microsystem, Java language is a simple programming language because:
● Java syntax is based on C++ (so easier for programmers to learn it after C++).
● Java has removed many complicated and rarely-used features, for example, explicit
pointers, operator overloading, etc.
● There is no need to remove unreferenced objects because there is an Automatic
Garbage Collection in Java.
Object-oriented
Java is an object-oriented programming language. Everything in Java is an object.
Object-oriented means we organize our software as a combination of different types of objects
that incorporate both data and behavior.
Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a methodology that simplifies software development
and maintenance by providing some rules.
Basic concepts of OOPs are:
● Object
● Class
● Inheritance
● Polymorphism
● Abstraction
● Encapsulation
Platform Independent
Java is platform independent because it is different from other languages like C, C++, etc. which
are compiled into platform specific machines while Java is a write once, run anywhere
language. A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs.
There are two types of platforms software-based and hardware-based. Java provides a
software-based platform.
Java was developed by Sun Microsystems (which is now the subsidiary of Oracle) in the year
1995. James Gosling is known as the father of Java. Before Java, its name was Oak. Since Oak
was already a registered company, so James Gosling and his team changed the name from
Oak to Java.
Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known as a
platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called a platform.
Application
According to Sun, 3 billion devices run Java. There are many devices where Java is currently
used. Some of them are as follows:
1. Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player, antivirus, etc.
2. Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com, etc.
3. Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.
4. Mobile
5. Embedded System
6. Smart Card
7. Robotics
8. Games, etc.
Types of Java Applications
There are mainly 4 types of applications that can be created using Java programming:
1) Standalone Application
Standalone applications are also known as desktop applications or window-based applications.
These are traditional software that we need to install on every machine. Examples of standalone
application are Media player, antivirus, etc. AWT and Swing are used in Java for creating
standalone applications.
2) Web Application
An application that runs on the server side and creates a dynamic page is called a web
application. Currently, Servlet, JSP, Struts, Spring, Hibernate, JSF, etc. technologies are used
for creating web applications in Java.
3) Enterprise Application
An application that is distributed in nature, such as banking applications, etc. is called an
enterprise application. It has advantages like high-level security, load balancing, and clustering.
In Java, EJB is used for creating enterprise applications.
4) Mobile Application
An application which is created for mobile devices is called a mobile application. Currently,
Android and Java ME are used for creating mobile applications.
,History of Java
The history of Java is very interesting. Java was originally designed for interactive television, but
it was too advanced technology for the digital cable television industry at the time. The history of
Java starts with the Green Team. Java team members (also known as Green Team), initiated
this project to develop a language for digital devices such as set-top boxes, televisions, etc.
However, it was best suited for internet programming. Later, Java technology was incorporated
by Netscape.
The principles for creating Java programming were "Simple, Robust, Portable,
Platform-independent, Secured, High Performance, Multithreaded, Architecture Neutral,
Object-Oriented, Interpreted, and Dynamic". Java was developed by James Gosling, who is
known as the father of Java, in 1995. James Gosling and his team members started the project
in the early '90s.
Currently, Java is used in internet programming, mobile devices, games, e-business solutions,
etc
Features of Java
The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it portable, simple
and secure programming language. Apart from this, there are also some excellent features
which play an important role in the popularity of this language. The features of Java are also
known as Java buzzwords.
A list of the most important features of the Java language is given below.
, 1. Simple
2. Object-Oriented
3. Portable
4. Platform independent
5. Secured
6. Robust
7. Architecture neutral
8. Interpreted
9. High Performance
10.Multithreaded
11.Distributed
12.Dynamic
Simple
Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to understand. According to
Sun Microsystem, Java language is a simple programming language because:
● Java syntax is based on C++ (so easier for programmers to learn it after C++).
● Java has removed many complicated and rarely-used features, for example, explicit
pointers, operator overloading, etc.
● There is no need to remove unreferenced objects because there is an Automatic
Garbage Collection in Java.
Object-oriented
Java is an object-oriented programming language. Everything in Java is an object.
Object-oriented means we organize our software as a combination of different types of objects
that incorporate both data and behavior.
Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a methodology that simplifies software development
and maintenance by providing some rules.
Basic concepts of OOPs are:
● Object
● Class
● Inheritance
● Polymorphism
● Abstraction
● Encapsulation
Platform Independent
Java is platform independent because it is different from other languages like C, C++, etc. which
are compiled into platform specific machines while Java is a write once, run anywhere
language. A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs.
There are two types of platforms software-based and hardware-based. Java provides a
software-based platform.
