ANSWERS
Rapid Automatic Naming - answer- The ability to quickly name a series of printed,
repeated numbers, letters, or objects that should be known by rote.
Recast - answer- A language stimulation strategy where an adult repeats what a
child inaccurately says with a correct model.
Receptive Vocabulary - answer- The words whose meanings one can recognize
when reading or listening to others speak.
Reliable Measure - answer- A measure that is likely to yield the same result if it were
to be given several times on the same day in the same context.
Root - answer- A bound morpheme, usually of Latin origin, that cannot stand alone
but is used to form a family of words with related meanings.
Prepositional phrase - answer- a phrase introduced by a preposition and which
includes a noun phrase
Pronoun - answer- a part of speech that is used in the place of a noun
Pronoun reference - answer- A word, usually a pronoun, used to refer to something
else that has already been named in a text.
Prosody - answer- The rhythms and patterns of sounds in spoken language;
expression
Phonological Lexicon - answer- The brain's storehouse of words previously heard,
but not necessarily understood.
phonological processing - answer- Multiple functions of speech and language
perception and production, such as perceiving, interpreting, storing (remembering),
recalling or retrieving, and generating the speech sound system of a language.
Phonological processor - answer- The area of the brain responsible for recognizing,
discriminating between, and producing the sounds (or phonology) of the language.
phonological working memory - answer- The "online" memory system that
remembers speech long enough to extract meaning from it, or that holds onto words
during writing; a function of the phonological processing system.
phonology - answer- the rule system within a language by which phonemes can be
sequenced, combined, and pronounced to make words
, Phrases - answer- groups of words that cluster together to fill grammatical slots in
sentences
Plot - answer- The events in a narrative text, or story, that include a problem that the
main character is trying to solve, attempts to solve it, and a resolution.
Pragmatics - answer- The system of rules and conventions for using language and
related gestures in a social context.
Preposition - answer- A part of speech that is placed before a noun or pronoun to
form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.
Paragraph - answer- a number of sentences about the same topic or idea that are
grouped together and formatted in a certain way.
Parallel talk - answer- a strategy where an adult describes what a child is doing
Passive voice - answer- A challenging sentence feature wherein the subject receives
the action
Phoneme - answer- a speech sound that combines with others in a language system
to make words; English has 40-44 phonemes.
Phoneme-Grapheme activities - answer- The matching of phonemes in words with
the graphemes that represent them.
Phonemic awareness - answer- The conscious awareness of the individual speech
sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously
manipulate those sounds.
Phonemic proficiency - answer- The accuracy and speed of responses to
phonological and phonemic awareness tasks
Phonetics - answer- The study of the sounds of human speech; articulatory
phonetics refers to the way the sounds are physically produced in the human vocal
tract.
Phonics - answer- The study of the relationships between letters and the sounds
they represent; code based instruction
Phonological awareness - answer- The conscious awareness of all levels of the
speech sound system, including word boundaries, stress patterns, onset-rime,
syllables, and phonemes
Qualitative Spelling Screener - answer- A list of words with a variety of orthographic
patterns, specifically designed to assess students' spelling levels and knowledge of
those patterns.
Onset-rime - answer- The natural division of a syllable into two parts; the onset
comes before the vowel, and the rime includes the vowel and what follows after it.