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Ejercicios Equilibrio Ácido-Base

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El equilibrio químico es una reacción en la que los reactivos se transforman en productos con la misma velocidad que los productos se vuelven a transformar en reactivos. En este documento se encuentran ejercicios de ácido-base y su resolución.

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Resolución de Ejercicios de Acido Fuerte / Base fuerte.
a) Calcule el pH de una disolución de HCl de 1,0 x 10 -3 M.
Recuerde que HCI es un ácido fuerte ← Se disuelve completamente.


HCl (ac) → H+ (ac) + Cl- (ac)

Las concentraciones se pueden representar de la siguiente forma:




Por lo tanto tenemos que la concentración (molaridad) de protones [H+] es de 1,0 x 10^-3
Se aplica formula pH = -log [H+]


―> [H+] = 1,0 x 10^-3
pH = -log (1,0 x 10^-3)
pH= 3 ―> (ácido)

b) Calcule el pH de una disolución de Ba(OH)2
Recuerde que Ba(OH)2 es una base fuerte ← Se disuelve completamente.

Ba(OH)2 (ac) ―> Ba(2+) (ac) + 2OH- (ac)

Los cambios en las concentraciones se pueden representar de la siguiente forma:




Por lo tanto se tiene que la concentración del OH- es de 0,040 M.
Se aplica formula pOH = -log [OH-]

―> [OH-] = 0,040 M
pOH = -log (0,040)
pOH = 1,4

*Se busca el pH (escala inversa del pOH), por lo tanto ―> pH + pOH = 14.

pH + 1,40 = 14.
pH = 14 – 1,40
pH = 12,60 ―> (básico)

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