NSG 252 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Physiologic factors that affect oxygenation - answer- -Decreased oxygen-carrying
capacity
-Hypovolemia
-Decreased inspired oxygen
-Increased metabolic rate
Issues with chest wall movement - answer- -pregnancy
-obesity
-musculoskeletal abnormalities
-trauma
-neuromuscular diseases
-central nervous system alterations
-influences of chronic lung disease
Respiratory alterations - answer- -Hypoventilation
-Hyperventilation
-Hypoxia
What is hypoventilation? - answer- Occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to
meet the oxygen demand of the body or eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide
What is hyperventilation? - answer- A state of ventilation in which the lungs remove
carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism
What is hypoxia? - answer- Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level
Cardiac alterations - answer- -Disturbances in conduction
-Altered cardiac output
Left and right sided heart failure
-Impaired valvular failure
-Myocardial ischemia
Angina and myocardial infarction
Lifestyle factors affecting oxygenation - answer- Nutrition
Hydration
Exercise
Smoking
Substance abuse
Stress
Acute care management of oxygenation problems - answer- -Dyspnea management
-Airway maintenance
-Mobilization of pulmonary secretions
-Hydration
, -Humidification
-Nebulization
-Coughing and deep breathing techniques
Chest physiotherapy; acute respiratory care - answer- -External chest wall
manipulation using percussion, vibration, or high-frequency chest wall compression
-Postural drainage
Maintenance and promotion of lung expansion; acute respiratory care - answer-
Ambulation
Positioning
Incentive spirometry
Suctioning techniques; acute respiratory care - answer- -Oropharyngeal and
nasopharyngeal
-Orotracheal and nasotracheal
-Tracheal
Artificial airways; acute respiratory care - answer- -Oral airway
-Endotracheal and tracheal airways
-Invasive mechanical ventilation
-Noninvasive ventilation
-Chest tubes
-Special considerations
Maintenance and promotion of oxygen; acute respiratory care - answer- -oxygen
therapy
-safety precautions
-supply of oxygen
-methods of oxygen delivery (nasal cannula, high flow nasal cannula, oxygen masks)
Restorative exercises to improve breathing - answer- -Respiratory muscle training
-Breathing exercises
-Pursed lip breathing
-Diaphragmatic breathing
-Home oxygen therapy
Safety guidelines for oxygenation - answer- -Know a patient's baseline range of vital
sigs
-use caution when suctioning patients with head injury
-the use of normal saline instillation into the airway before suctioning is not
recommended
-the most serious tracheostomy complication is airway obstruction
-patients with COPD who are breathing spontaneously should cautiously receive
high levels of oxygen therapy
Oral Medications - answer- Pills, capsules, tablets, and liquid preparations
For liquid preparations
-Pour desired volume of liquid so base of meniscus is level with line on scale
ANSWERS
Physiologic factors that affect oxygenation - answer- -Decreased oxygen-carrying
capacity
-Hypovolemia
-Decreased inspired oxygen
-Increased metabolic rate
Issues with chest wall movement - answer- -pregnancy
-obesity
-musculoskeletal abnormalities
-trauma
-neuromuscular diseases
-central nervous system alterations
-influences of chronic lung disease
Respiratory alterations - answer- -Hypoventilation
-Hyperventilation
-Hypoxia
What is hypoventilation? - answer- Occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to
meet the oxygen demand of the body or eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide
What is hyperventilation? - answer- A state of ventilation in which the lungs remove
carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism
What is hypoxia? - answer- Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level
Cardiac alterations - answer- -Disturbances in conduction
-Altered cardiac output
Left and right sided heart failure
-Impaired valvular failure
-Myocardial ischemia
Angina and myocardial infarction
Lifestyle factors affecting oxygenation - answer- Nutrition
Hydration
Exercise
Smoking
Substance abuse
Stress
Acute care management of oxygenation problems - answer- -Dyspnea management
-Airway maintenance
-Mobilization of pulmonary secretions
-Hydration
, -Humidification
-Nebulization
-Coughing and deep breathing techniques
Chest physiotherapy; acute respiratory care - answer- -External chest wall
manipulation using percussion, vibration, or high-frequency chest wall compression
-Postural drainage
Maintenance and promotion of lung expansion; acute respiratory care - answer-
Ambulation
Positioning
Incentive spirometry
Suctioning techniques; acute respiratory care - answer- -Oropharyngeal and
nasopharyngeal
-Orotracheal and nasotracheal
-Tracheal
Artificial airways; acute respiratory care - answer- -Oral airway
-Endotracheal and tracheal airways
-Invasive mechanical ventilation
-Noninvasive ventilation
-Chest tubes
-Special considerations
Maintenance and promotion of oxygen; acute respiratory care - answer- -oxygen
therapy
-safety precautions
-supply of oxygen
-methods of oxygen delivery (nasal cannula, high flow nasal cannula, oxygen masks)
Restorative exercises to improve breathing - answer- -Respiratory muscle training
-Breathing exercises
-Pursed lip breathing
-Diaphragmatic breathing
-Home oxygen therapy
Safety guidelines for oxygenation - answer- -Know a patient's baseline range of vital
sigs
-use caution when suctioning patients with head injury
-the use of normal saline instillation into the airway before suctioning is not
recommended
-the most serious tracheostomy complication is airway obstruction
-patients with COPD who are breathing spontaneously should cautiously receive
high levels of oxygen therapy
Oral Medications - answer- Pills, capsules, tablets, and liquid preparations
For liquid preparations
-Pour desired volume of liquid so base of meniscus is level with line on scale
