NURS 451 TERMS TO KNOW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED UPDATE 2025/2026

NURS 451 TERMS TO KNOW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED UPDATE 2025/2026 Echopraxia Imitating another person's movements involuntarily. Echolalia Repeating another person's spoken words. Waxy Flexibility Maintaining a position after being placed there by someone else, as if 'moldable like wax.' Pseudoparkinsonism Drug-induced symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease (tremor, rigidity, slowed movements). Akathisia Restlessness; inability to sit still, often with constant pacing or shifting. Akinesia Absence or difficulty initiating movement. Dyskinesia Abnormal, involuntary muscle movements (e.g., facial grimacing, tics). Dystonia Prolonged, involuntary muscle contractions causing twisting postures. Stereotyped Behaviors Repetitive, purposeless movements (e.g., rocking, hand flapping). Catatonia Extreme psychomotor disturbance; may involve stupor, rigidity, or mutism. Cataplexy Sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotion, while consciousness is retained. Hallucinations False sensory perceptions without external stimulus. Auditory Hearing voices or sounds. Olfactory Smelling odors that are not present. Tactile Feeling unreal sensations on the skin (e.g., bugs crawling). Gustatory Tasting things that are not real. Illusion Misperception of a real external stimulus (e.g., seeing a shadow as a person). Delusions Fixed, false beliefs not based in reality. Persecution Belief that others are out to harm or spy on them. Grandiosity Exaggerated sense of power, knowledge, or identity. Jealousy Belief that a partner is unfaithful without cause. Religious False beliefs with religious content (e.g., believing they are a prophet). Somatic False belief about body functioning (e.g., thinking organs are rotting). Nihilistic Belief that self, others, or the world does not exist. Substitution Belief that a person has been replaced with another (similar to 'Capgras syndrome'). Obsessions Recurrent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts that cause anxiety. Rituals Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety from obsessions. Phobias Irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or activities. Compulsions Repetitive behaviors or mental acts done to relieve anxiety. Paranoia Extreme, unfounded distrust or suspicion of others.