NUR 2102 Labs and Diagnostics Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2025-
2026
CBC - Answers Complete Blood Test; measures WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, &
RDW
WBC - Answers White Blood Cells; Attack & destroy microoganisms, protect body against
infection, react against foreign bodies or tissues; Increased WBC count indicates an infection
WBC Normal Values - Answers Adult & Child >2 years: 5,000-10,000 / mm^3
Child less than or equal to 2 years: 6200-17,000 / mm^3
Newborn: 9000-30,000 / mm^3
Differential WBC - Answers Neutrophils: 55-75%
Lymphocytes: 20-40%
Monocytes: 2-8%
Eosinophils: 1-4%
Basophils: 0.5-1%
Neutrophils - Answers Phagocytosis; kills and digests bacteria
Lymphocytes - Answers Fights chronic bacterial infection and acute bacterial infections; divided
into T and B cells; T cells mature in thymus and are involved in cellular immunity; B cells mature
in bone marrow and are involved in humoral immunity and antibody protection
Monocytes - Answers Phagocytic cells capable of fighting bacteria similar to the way
neutrophils do
Eosinophils - Answers Involved in allergic reactions; phagocytosis of antigen-antibody
complexes
Basophils - Answers Involved in allergic reaction
RBC - Answers Red Blood Cells; count of number of circulating RBCs in 1mm^3 of venous blood;
within each RBC is hemoglobin that transports & exchanges oxygen to the tissues & CO2 from
the tissues; live for 120 days
RBC Normal Values - Answers Male: 4.7-6.1 million cells/mcL
Female: 4.2-5.4 million cells/mcL
Child: 3.8-5.3 million cells/mcL
, Newborn: 4.8-7.1 million cells/mcL
HGB - Answers Hemoglobin; measure of total amount of HGB in the blood; serves as a vehicle
for O2 & CO2 transport, the O2 carrying capacity of the blood is determined by the HGB
concentration; it also acts as an important acid-base buffer system
HGB Normal Values - Answers Male: 13-18 gm/dL
Female: 12-16 gm/dL
HCT - Answers Hematocrit; Measure of of the percentage of the total blood volume that's made
up by RBCs, height of RBC column is measured after centrifugation; closely reflects HGB & RBC
values
HCT Normal Values - Answers Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%
Children: 30-42%
Newborn: 44-64%
MCV - Answers Mean Corpuscular Volume; measure of average volume & size of a single RBC
by dividing HCT by RBC
MCH - Answers Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin; average amount of HGB within a RBC
MCHC - Answers Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration; measure of average
concentration or percentage of hemoglobin within a single RBC; derived from dividing HGB by
HCT
RDW - Answers Red Blood Cell Distribution Width; indication of the variation of RBC size
PLT - Answers Platelet/Thrombocyte; actual count of number of platelets; platelets maintain
vascular integrity & help initiate the coagulation factor cascade; live for 7-9 days
PLT Normal Values - Answers Child/Adult/Elderly: 150,000-400,000 / mm^3
Infant: 200,000-475,000 / mm^3
Newborn: 150,000-300,000 / mm^3
BMP - Answers Basic Metabolic Panel; tests for glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, CO2,
chloride, BUN, & creatinine
Glucose - Answers Levels vary according to day & time & are controlled by insulin and glucagon;
glucagon is secreted when glucose is low; insulin is secreted when glucose is high; insulin
lowers blood sugar by attaching to insulin receptors in muscle & liver driving glucose into the
2026
CBC - Answers Complete Blood Test; measures WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, PLT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, &
RDW
WBC - Answers White Blood Cells; Attack & destroy microoganisms, protect body against
infection, react against foreign bodies or tissues; Increased WBC count indicates an infection
WBC Normal Values - Answers Adult & Child >2 years: 5,000-10,000 / mm^3
Child less than or equal to 2 years: 6200-17,000 / mm^3
Newborn: 9000-30,000 / mm^3
Differential WBC - Answers Neutrophils: 55-75%
Lymphocytes: 20-40%
Monocytes: 2-8%
Eosinophils: 1-4%
Basophils: 0.5-1%
Neutrophils - Answers Phagocytosis; kills and digests bacteria
Lymphocytes - Answers Fights chronic bacterial infection and acute bacterial infections; divided
into T and B cells; T cells mature in thymus and are involved in cellular immunity; B cells mature
in bone marrow and are involved in humoral immunity and antibody protection
Monocytes - Answers Phagocytic cells capable of fighting bacteria similar to the way
neutrophils do
Eosinophils - Answers Involved in allergic reactions; phagocytosis of antigen-antibody
complexes
Basophils - Answers Involved in allergic reaction
RBC - Answers Red Blood Cells; count of number of circulating RBCs in 1mm^3 of venous blood;
within each RBC is hemoglobin that transports & exchanges oxygen to the tissues & CO2 from
the tissues; live for 120 days
RBC Normal Values - Answers Male: 4.7-6.1 million cells/mcL
Female: 4.2-5.4 million cells/mcL
Child: 3.8-5.3 million cells/mcL
, Newborn: 4.8-7.1 million cells/mcL
HGB - Answers Hemoglobin; measure of total amount of HGB in the blood; serves as a vehicle
for O2 & CO2 transport, the O2 carrying capacity of the blood is determined by the HGB
concentration; it also acts as an important acid-base buffer system
HGB Normal Values - Answers Male: 13-18 gm/dL
Female: 12-16 gm/dL
HCT - Answers Hematocrit; Measure of of the percentage of the total blood volume that's made
up by RBCs, height of RBC column is measured after centrifugation; closely reflects HGB & RBC
values
HCT Normal Values - Answers Male: 42-52%
Female: 37-47%
Children: 30-42%
Newborn: 44-64%
MCV - Answers Mean Corpuscular Volume; measure of average volume & size of a single RBC
by dividing HCT by RBC
MCH - Answers Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin; average amount of HGB within a RBC
MCHC - Answers Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration; measure of average
concentration or percentage of hemoglobin within a single RBC; derived from dividing HGB by
HCT
RDW - Answers Red Blood Cell Distribution Width; indication of the variation of RBC size
PLT - Answers Platelet/Thrombocyte; actual count of number of platelets; platelets maintain
vascular integrity & help initiate the coagulation factor cascade; live for 7-9 days
PLT Normal Values - Answers Child/Adult/Elderly: 150,000-400,000 / mm^3
Infant: 200,000-475,000 / mm^3
Newborn: 150,000-300,000 / mm^3
BMP - Answers Basic Metabolic Panel; tests for glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, CO2,
chloride, BUN, & creatinine
Glucose - Answers Levels vary according to day & time & are controlled by insulin and glucagon;
glucagon is secreted when glucose is low; insulin is secreted when glucose is high; insulin
lowers blood sugar by attaching to insulin receptors in muscle & liver driving glucose into the
