Chapter 02: Values, Beliefs, and Caring
Yoost: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice, 3rd
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse identifies the concept of enduring ideas about what a person considers
desirable or
has worth in life is known by which term?
a. Values
b. First-order belief
c. Higher order belief
d. Stereotype
ANS: A
Values are enduring ideas about what a person considers is the good, the best, and the
“right”
thing to do and their opposites—the bad, worst, and wrong things to do—and about what is
desirable or has worth in life. First-order beliefs serve as the foundation or the basis of an
individual’s belief system. Higher order beliefs are ideas derived from a person’s first-order
beliefs through inductive or deductive reasoning. A stereotype is a belief about a person, a
group, or an event that is thought to be typical of all others in that category.
DIF: Remembering
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
2. A group of nursing students are discussing the history of nursing to a staff nurse. When a
student states, “Yeah, nurses used to be called the doctors’ handmaidens.” the staff nurse
recognizes that this comment is identified by which term?
a. Prejudice
b. Generalization
c. Stereotype
d. Belief
ANS: C
,A stereotype is a belief about a person, a group, or an event that is thought to be typical of
all
others in that category. A prejudice is a preformed opinion, usually an unfavorable one,
about
an entire group of people that is based on insufficient knowledge, irrational feelings, or
inaccurate stereotypes. In the process of learning, people form generalizations (general
statements or ideas about people or things) to relate new information to what is already
known
and to categorize the new information, making it easier to remember or understand. A
belief is
a mental representation of reality or a person’s perceptions about what is right (correct),
true,
or real, or what the person expects to happen in a given situation.
DIF: Understanding
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
3. A value system is a set of somewhat consistent values and measures that are organized
hierarchically into a belief system on a continuum of relative importance. The nurse knows
that a value system is also identified by which concept?
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing 3rd Edition Yoost
nursytestbank.store
a. It is culturally based.
b. It is unique to each individual.
c. It is a poor basis for making decisions.
d. It is rigid and uniform within a culture.
ANS: A
Anthropologists and social scientists have noted that in every culture, a particular value
system prevails and consists of culturally defined moral and ethical principles and rules that
are learned in childhood. Everyone possesses a relatively small number of values and may
share the same values with others, but to different degrees. A value system helps the person
choose between alternatives, resolve values conflicts, and make decisions. Within every
culture, however, values vary widely among subcultural groups and even between
, individuals
on the basis of the person’s gender, personal experiences, personality, education, and many
other variables.
DIF: Remembering
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity
4. The nurse is caring for a patient who is under arrest for murder and is attempting to
perform
nursing care duties while, at the same time, feeling a sense of repugnance toward the
patient.
The nurse recognizes this situation is identified by which term?
a. Values clarification
b. Values conflict
c. First-order beliefs
d. Higher order beliefs
ANS: B
A values conflict occurs when a person’s values are inconsistent with his or her behaviors or
when the person’s values are not consistent with the choices that are available. Providing
care
for a convicted murderer may elicit troubling feelings for a nurse, resulting in a values
conflict
between the nurse’s commitment to care for all people and a personal repugnance for the
act
of murder. Values clarification is a therapeutic process that allows individuals to consider,
clarify, and prioritize their personal values. First-order beliefs serve as the foundation or
the
basis of an individual’s belief system. Higher order beliefs are ideas derived from a person’s
first-order beliefs, inductive, or syllogistic reasoning.
DIF: Understanding
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
Yoost: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice, 3rd
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse identifies the concept of enduring ideas about what a person considers
desirable or
has worth in life is known by which term?
a. Values
b. First-order belief
c. Higher order belief
d. Stereotype
ANS: A
Values are enduring ideas about what a person considers is the good, the best, and the
“right”
thing to do and their opposites—the bad, worst, and wrong things to do—and about what is
desirable or has worth in life. First-order beliefs serve as the foundation or the basis of an
individual’s belief system. Higher order beliefs are ideas derived from a person’s first-order
beliefs through inductive or deductive reasoning. A stereotype is a belief about a person, a
group, or an event that is thought to be typical of all others in that category.
DIF: Remembering
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
2. A group of nursing students are discussing the history of nursing to a staff nurse. When a
student states, “Yeah, nurses used to be called the doctors’ handmaidens.” the staff nurse
recognizes that this comment is identified by which term?
a. Prejudice
b. Generalization
c. Stereotype
d. Belief
ANS: C
,A stereotype is a belief about a person, a group, or an event that is thought to be typical of
all
others in that category. A prejudice is a preformed opinion, usually an unfavorable one,
about
an entire group of people that is based on insufficient knowledge, irrational feelings, or
inaccurate stereotypes. In the process of learning, people form generalizations (general
statements or ideas about people or things) to relate new information to what is already
known
and to categorize the new information, making it easier to remember or understand. A
belief is
a mental representation of reality or a person’s perceptions about what is right (correct),
true,
or real, or what the person expects to happen in a given situation.
DIF: Understanding
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care
3. A value system is a set of somewhat consistent values and measures that are organized
hierarchically into a belief system on a continuum of relative importance. The nurse knows
that a value system is also identified by which concept?
DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing 3rd Edition Yoost
nursytestbank.store
a. It is culturally based.
b. It is unique to each individual.
c. It is a poor basis for making decisions.
d. It is rigid and uniform within a culture.
ANS: A
Anthropologists and social scientists have noted that in every culture, a particular value
system prevails and consists of culturally defined moral and ethical principles and rules that
are learned in childhood. Everyone possesses a relatively small number of values and may
share the same values with others, but to different degrees. A value system helps the person
choose between alternatives, resolve values conflicts, and make decisions. Within every
culture, however, values vary widely among subcultural groups and even between
, individuals
on the basis of the person’s gender, personal experiences, personality, education, and many
other variables.
DIF: Remembering
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Psychosocial Integrity
4. The nurse is caring for a patient who is under arrest for murder and is attempting to
perform
nursing care duties while, at the same time, feeling a sense of repugnance toward the
patient.
The nurse recognizes this situation is identified by which term?
a. Values clarification
b. Values conflict
c. First-order beliefs
d. Higher order beliefs
ANS: B
A values conflict occurs when a person’s values are inconsistent with his or her behaviors or
when the person’s values are not consistent with the choices that are available. Providing
care
for a convicted murderer may elicit troubling feelings for a nurse, resulting in a values
conflict
between the nurse’s commitment to care for all people and a personal repugnance for the
act
of murder. Values clarification is a therapeutic process that allows individuals to consider,
clarify, and prioritize their personal values. First-order beliefs serve as the foundation or
the
basis of an individual’s belief system. Higher order beliefs are ideas derived from a person’s
first-order beliefs, inductive, or syllogistic reasoning.
DIF: Understanding
REF: Concepts: Professionalism
OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
